The Dirac and Klein-Gordon equations and Greybody Radiation for the Regular Hayward Black Hole

We investigate the Dirac and Klein-Gordon equations, as well as greybody radiation, for the Hayward black hole (BH) spacetime. We first consider the Dirac equation using a null tetrad in the Newman- Penrose (NP) formalism. The equations are then separated into angular and radial parts. A pair of one-dimensional Schr\"odinger like wave equations with effective potentials is obtained from the radial part. In order to examine the behavior of potentials, they are plotted with respect to radial distances. Additionally, the Klein-Gordon equation is considered in the Hayward BH spacetime. At the end, we compute greybody factors for bosons and fermions and our results are shown graphically and discussed

Standardizing the Measures of Assessment in Legal Translation Profession

Practicing legal translations may lead to shortcomings that need to be assessed and addressed. Therefore, to respond to such shortcomings and specificities emerging during the legal translation process, the paper proposes a comprehensive model to evaluate translation quality. The proposed model is built on a functionalist perspective that links legal, contextual, macro-textual, and microtextual criteria to outline an appropriate translation strategy that drives endeavors to overcome issues throughout the translation process. The same criteria persistently appear from the translation brief through to the final translation product crossing intermediate stages – reception, revision, delivery assessment. In identifying predictable evaluation criteria and competence needs for translators and quality controllers, they serve as the standard. The approach presents implications for both quality assessment and management practices, including those in training contexts. By reducing subjectivity and enhancing predictability based on specific legal translation methodologies, the model ultimately demonstrates the potential benefits. Legal Translation Studies can greatly enhance professional standards, underscored by the importance of having legal translation experts evaluate quality. This demonstrates the fundamental role of legal translation expertise

Solution of the Dirac equation in the rotating Bertotti-Robinson spacetime

The Dirac equation is solved in the rotating Bertotti-Robinson spacetime. The set of equations representing the Dirac equation in the Newman-Penrose formalism is decoupled into an axial and angular part. The axial equation, which is independent of mass, is solved exactly in terms of hypergeometric functions. The angular equation is considered both for massless (neutrino) and massive spin-(1/2) particles. For the neutrinos, it is shown that the angular equation admits an exact solution in terms of the confluent Heun equation. In the existence of mass, the angular equation does not allow an analytical solution, however, it is expressible as a set of first order differential equations apt for numerical study.Comment: 17 pages, no figure. Appeared in JMP (May, 2008

The Perception of English Vowels by Arab EFL Learners: A Case Study of University Students at Zarqa University

The present paper focuses on the perception of English vowel sounds by learners of English at university level. English and Arabic, genetically two different languages, share some common features on one hand, and exhibit a lot of differences on the other hand. These differences are the chief source of difficulty in the learning of a foreign language. Some Arabic speakers perform oddly on a range of experimental tasks which involve word discrimination. All these tasks involve discriminating words with identical consonant patterns, but differing in their vowels. Some Arabic speakers, it seems, are conspicuously inaccurate in handling vowels in English words, and are much more prone to make errors involving vowels than subjects of other mother tongue backgrounds. One possible explanation to these effects is that Arabic speakers seem to transfer to English a set of psycholinguistic strategies that are more appropriately deployed in processing Arabic words. Unlike English, Arabic vowels are of secondary importance both in script and in word building, and the word recognition system depends heavily on the tri-consonantal roots which are the basis of most Arabic words with vowels variations placed within the consonantal framework. From pedagogy point of view, such differences between the two languages will be determined and included in various teaching material. In some other words, teaching will be directed at those differences. This in turn determines what the teacher has to teach and what the learner has to learn. The present researchers anticipate that the similarities between the two systems would act as a reference point for the learner's perception of the English vowels. The results of the present research would in turn encourage instructors to follow similar procedures in their teaching of sounds at university level in particular. Keywords: English as a foreign language (EFL), Modern Standard Arabic, Zarqa Universit