Metabolic and endocrine profiles and reproductive parameters in dairy cows under grazing conditions: effect of polymorphisms in somatotropic axis genes

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The present study hypothesized that GH-AluI and IGF-I-SnabI polymorphisms do change the metabolic/endocrine profiles in Holstein cows during the transition period, which in turn are associated with productive and reproductive parameters.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Holstein cows (Farm 1, primiparous cows, n = 110, and Farm 2, multiparous cows, n = 76) under grazing conditions were selected and GH and IGF-I genotypes were determined. Blood samples for metabolic/endocrine determinations were taken during the transition period and early lactation in both farms. Data was analyzed by farm using a repeated measures analyses including GH and IGF-I genotypes, days and interactions as fixed effects, sire and cow as random effects and calving date as covariate.</p> <p>Results and Discussion</p> <p>Frequencies of GH and IGF-I alleles were L:0.84, V:0.16 and A:0.60, B:0.40, respectively. The GH genotype was not associated with productive or reproductive variables, but interaction with days affected FCM yield in multiparous (farm 2) cows (LL yielded more than LV cows) in early lactation. The GH genotype affected NEFA and IGF-I concentrations in farm 1 (LV had higher NEFA and lower IGF-I than LL cows) suggesting a better energy status of LL cows.</p> <p>There was no effect of IGF-I genotype on productive variables, but a trend was found for FCM in farm 2 (AB cows yielded more than AA cows). IGF-I genotype affected calving first service interval in farm 1, and the interaction with days tended to affect FCM yield (AB cows had a shorter interval and yielded more FCM than BB cows). IGF-I genotype affected BHB, NEFA, and insulin concentrations in farm 1: primiparous BB cows had lower NEFA and BHB and higher insulin concentrations. In farm 2, there was no effect of IGF-I genotype, but there was an interaction with days on IGF-I concentration, suggesting a greater uncoupling somatropic axis in AB and BB than AA cows, being in accordance with greater FCM yield in AB cows.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The GH and IGF-I genotypes had no substantial effect on productive parameters, although IGF-I genotype affected calving-first service interval in primiparous cows. Besides, these genotypes may modify the endocrine/metabolic profiles of the transition dairy cow under grazing conditions.</p

31 Brachyterapia HDR w leczeniu paliatywnym raka oskrzela i tchawicy

WstępW paliatywnym leczeniu raka oskrzela i tchawicy jedną z metod skutecznych w zwalczaniu duszności, krwioplucia i innych dolegliwości jest brachyterapia. Metoda ta umożliwia podanie wysokiej dawki na okolicę guza z jednoczesnym ograniczeniem dawki w tkankach narządów krytycznych. W pracy omówiono wyniki brachyterapii HDR chorych na zaawansowanego raka oskrzela i tchawicy.Materiał i metodyW okresie od maja 1999 do marca 2000 r. leczono w Wielkopolskim Centrum Onkologii 49 chorych na raka oskrzela i tchawicy. Zastosowano dawkę 3 × 7,5 Gy lub 1–3 × 10 Gy liczoną w odległosci 1 cm od osi aplikatora. Stosowano źródło Irydu 192, wykorzystując aparat GAMMAMED 12i. Wszyscy chorzy nie zostali zakwalifikowani do zabiegu oraz radykalnej radioterapii ze wzglęidu na zaawansowanie choroby. Chorych poddano obserwacji klinicznej oraz bronchoskopowej, oceniając remisję miejscową oraz ustępowanie duszności, kaszlu oraz cech niedodmy w obrazie rtg. Średni okres obserwacji wynosił 6 miesięcy.WynikiCałkowitą remisję guza potwierdzoną w bronchoskopii oraz badaniach radiologicznych stwierdzono u 4 chorych (8,2%), częściową remisję u 38 chorych (77,6%), brak remisji – u 7 chorych (14,3%). U 5 chorych w okresie 6 miesięcznej obserwacji zaobserwowano całkowite ustąpienie dolegliwości oraz zmian w obrazie bronchoskopowym (CR), u 26 – częściową poprawę. u 18 – chorych stabilizację choroby lub progresję. 4 chorych zmarło w tym okresie. Poza powierzchowną martwicą błony śluzowej stwierdzoną u 9 chorych nie stwierdzono innych powikłań po leczeniu.WnioskiPaliatywna brachyterapia HDR jest dobrze tolerowaną oraz efektywną metodą leczenia chorych z obturacją dróg oddechowych wywołaną guzem nowotworowym

87. High dose rate endobronchial brachytherapy in the management of advanced bronchial cancer – comparison of different doses

IntroductionIn palliative treatment of lung cancer one of most efficient methods in overcoming difficulties in breathing caused by endobronchial obstruction is brachytherapy. From regard on location of the change on some of the patients brachytherapy is a treatment from choice. Brachytherapy in single cases is performed as radical treatment, in most of cases due to advanced clinical stage has an palliative aim. Because of lack of clear consensus regarding value of doses used in brachytherapy there are different fraction doses used in clinical treatment. The work is about result (t of palliative treatment with high dose rate brachytherapy using different treatment schemas.Material and methodsFrom May 1999 to February 2000 in Greatpoland Cancer Centre were treated 69 patients on bronchial cancer using high dose rate brachytherapy. They were disqualified from radical treatment due to advanced clinical stage. The age of the patients ranged from 39 to 76 years, average 53,2 years. 51 patients received total dose of 22,5 Gy in 3 fractions every week, 18 patients received one single fraction of 10 Gy. Patients were divided into two groups according to clinical stage and Karnofsky scare for single fraction patients were qualified when Karnofsky scare was smaller then 50. They have undertaken clinical and endobronchial observation with rating of local remission and retiring difficulties with breathing, cough and hemoptysis in thirst, third, sixth and twelve month of observation.ResultsAfter 4 weeks from the end of the treatment in 61/69 (88,4%) patients has been ascertained subjective improvement (retiring of all symptoms). In 12 cases was found out complete remission (CR), in 49 partial remission (PR) of tumour. During one year of observation 45 patients died, in 10/24 cases we observed still an improvement of dyspnoea, in 14/24 cases we observed recurrence and progression of disease. There was no statistical difference in survival between two groups of patients treated with different schema.Conclusions1.Brachytherapy in advanced lung cancer was an efficient method that caused in many patients retiring of the symptoms and improvement of life quality.2.Both treatment schema had similar efficiency in overcoming difficult breathing.3.High local dose did not influenced the growth of the frequency of complications