[Haemangiomas and congenital vascular malformations: their classification and diagnosis]

Mulliken and Glowacki's classification of peripheral blood- and lymph-vessel abnormalities is based on their clinical course and cellular characteristics, and is therefore clear to and readily usable by the practising physician. In order to make the diagnostic process more accessible, the Haemangiomas and Congenital Vascular Malformations Nijmegen working group has developed a system of diagnostic guidelines on the basis of this classification. The anamnesis should be directed at the following six distinguishing characteristics: presence of the anomaly at birth, growth, involution, change in volume, pain and outflow. The physical examination is directed at the following five characteristics: the possibility of emptying or pushing aside the anomaly, changes in volume during engorgement, murmur/'thrill'/pulsation, phleboliths, and hyper- or hypotrophy. If a diagnosis still cannot be made, then additional investigations may be carried out. Duplex scanning is usually sufficient for this purpose, after which the nature and extent of the malformation can be determined with MRI. On the basis of the results, the persons involved can be informed as to the prognosis of the malformation and a plan of treatment can be proposed

Bicycle Design: A different approach to improving on the world human powered speed records

The current International Human Powered Vehicle Association world records for faired bicycles stand at 133.284km/h for the 200m flying start speed record and 91.562 km for the hour record. Traditionally the recumbent bicycles that have been developed for breaking one of either of these records have been optimized around a specific, relatively small rider, enabling the overall size to be kept small. Creating the smallest frontal area possible and optimal aerodynamic shape were then the design goals. This paper discusses the development of the Velox recumbent bicycle, which has been designed using another approach. The power required to break either of the records depends mostly on air resistance. Therefore small riders have the advantage of allowing for smaller frontal areas, whilst larger riders are able to provide more power. Performance optimization, lead to a design based around an average 1.95m tall male rider for Velox. The aerodynamic shape of Velox was then developed around the above criterion and designed with CFD and validated with wind tunnel and road tests. Essential for the rider’s performance is that the rider feels comfortable whilst riding the bicycle. Therefore the uncontrolled lateral dynamics and the required rider steer control input were investigated. The bicycle’s geometry was optimized for low speed stability and the required control input.Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineerin