Measurement of residual stresses of locomotive wheel treads during the manufacturing technological cycle

The production of two-wheeled rolling stock represents, at first glance, a simple assembly process that significantly affects the overall functionality and safety of the vehicle. This is due to residual stresses that arise after assembly by pressing the wheel on the axle. The state of stress after assembly remains in the design has a decisive influence on the load-bearing capacity of the two-wheel drive, its lifespan but also the transfer of the pulling force in the case of locomotives. Therefore, it is very important to find suitable methods for determining residual stresses. Numerical and experimental approaches are already in place to gain information on the state of stress after compression, or during a real operation. The developed techniques and tools for estimation of residual stresses in locomotive wheel treads based on the acoustoelasticity effect using electromagnetic acoustic transformation are described in the paper. The original results of residual stress measurement in the treads during a technological cycle of locomotive wheel pair manufacturing are presented

Multigene Panel Germline Testing of 1333 Czech Patients with Ovarian Cancer

Ovarian cancer (OC) is the deadliest gynecologic malignancy with a substantial proportion of hereditary cases and a frequent association with breast cancer (BC). Genetic testing facilitates treatment and preventive strategies reducing OC mortality in mutation carriers. However, the prevalence of germline mutations varies among populations and many rarely mutated OC predisposition genes remain to be identified. We aimed to analyze 219 genes in 1333 Czech OC patients and 2278 population-matched controls using next-generation sequencing. We revealed germline mutations in 18 OC/BC predisposition genes in 32.0% of patients and in 2.5% of controls. Mutations in BRCA1/BRCA2, RAD51C/RAD51D, BARD1, and mismatch repair genes conferred high OC risk (OR > 5). Mutations in BRIP1 and NBN were associated with moderate risk (both OR = 3.5). BRCA1/2 mutations dominated in almost all clinicopathological subgroups including sporadic borderline tumors of ovary (BTO). Analysis of remaining 201 genes revealed somatic mosaics in PPM1D and germline mutations in SHPRH and NAT1 associating with a high/moderate OC risk significantly; however, further studies are warranted to delineate their contribution to OC development in other populations. Our findings demonstrate the high proportion of patients with hereditary OC in Slavic population justifying genetic testing in all patients with OC, including BTO