Myokines and Resistance Training: A Narrative Review

In the last few years, the muscular system has gained attention due to the discovery of the muscle-secretome and its high potency for retaining or regaining health. These cytokines, described as myokines, released by the working muscle, are involved in anti-inflammatory, metabolic and immunological processes. These are able to influence human health in a positive way and are a target of research in metabolic diseases, cancer, neurological diseases, and other non-communicable diseases. Therefore, different types of exercise training were investigated in the last few years to find associations between exercise, myokines and their effects on human health. Particularly, resistance training turned out to be a powerful stimulus to enhance myokine release. As there are different types of resistance training, different myokines are stimulated, depending on the mode of training. This narrative review gives an overview about resistance training and how it can be utilized to stimulate myokine production in order to gain a certain health effect. Finally, the question of why resistance training is an important key regulator in human health will be discussed

Accuracy of Real Time Continuous Glucose Monitoring during Different Liquid Solution Challenges in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Controlled Cross-Over Trial

Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) represents an integral of modern diabetes management, however, there is still a lack of sensor performance data when rapidly consuming different liquids and thus changing total body water. 18 healthy adults (ten females, age: 23.1 ± 1.8 years, BMI 22.2 ± 2.1 kg·m−2) performed four trial visits consisting of oral ingestion (12 mL per kg body mass) of either a 0.9% sodium chloride, 5% glucose or Ringer’s solution and a control visit, in which no liquid was administered (control). Sensor glucose levels (Dexcom G6, Dexcom Inc., San Diego, CA, USA) were obtained at rest and in 10-min intervals for a period of 120 min after solution consumption and compared against reference capillary blood glucose measurements. The overall MedARD [IQR] was 7.1% [3.3–10.8]; during control 5.9% [2.7–10.8], sodium chloride 5.0% [2.7–10.2], 5% glucose 11.0% [5.3–21.6] and Ringer’s 7.5% [3.1–13.2] (p < 0.0001). The overall bias [95% LoA] was 4.3 mg·dL−1 [−19 to 28]; during control 3.9 mg·dL−1 [−11 to 18], sodium chloride 4.8 mg·dL−1 [−9 to 19], 5% glucose 3.6 mg·dL−1 [−33 to 41] and Ringer’s solution 4.9 mg·dL−1 [−13 to 23]. The Dexcom G6 CGM system detects glucose with very good accuracy during liquid solution challenges in normoglycemic individuals, however, our data suggest that in people without diabetes, sensor performance is influenced by different solutions