Modern trends of fat reduction in food from the aspect of healthy human diet

Wstęp. W przemyśle mięsnym od wielu lat stosowane są różnego rodzaju dodatki oraz zamienniki tłuszczu. Poza głównym celem jakim jest redukcja tłuszczu obniżają również zawartość cholesterolu oraz wartość kaloryczną, dobrze wiążą wodę dzięki czemu powodują poprawienie tekstury gotowego wyrobu. Przeprowadzone badania miały na celu zbadanie czystości mikrobiologicznej w kiełbasach drobnorozdrobnionych, typu „parówka” z dodatkiem ośmiu różnych dodatków pełniących funkcję zamienników tłuszczu. Oznaczano liczbę drobnoustrojów mezofi nych, drożdży i pleśni oraz bakterii kwaszących typu mlekowego. Materiał i Metody. Produkty przeznaczone do badań otrzymano według standardowej receptury. Jako próbę kontrolną przyjęto dodatek hydrolizatu białka sojowego, powszechnie stosowanego przy produkcji tego typu wyrobów. Natomiast jako pozostałe zamienniki stosowano: mączkę owsianą, gryczaną, kukurydzianą, ziemniaczaną, chitozan grzybowy, mączkę chleba świętojańskiego, mączkę z pszenicy durum. Badania czystości mikrobiologicznej dokonano bezpośrednio po procesie, po 2 i 4 tygodniowym przechowywaniu w temperaturze 5°C. Badania mikrobiologiczne wykonano według PN-A-82055-1 „Mięso i przetwory mięsne. Badania mikrobiologiczne”. Wyniki. Czystość mikrobiologiczna badanych kiełbas dla wszystkich dodatków mieściła się w dopuszczalnej normie (do 100). Wnioski. W przypadku chitozanu i mąki gryczanej w miarę wydłużania okresu przechowywania liczba drobnoustrojów malała, co jest spowodowane właściwościami przeciwutleniającymi badanych dodatków. Podobną cechę posiada również mączka chleba świętojańskiego, lecz wydłużenie czasu przechowywania do 4 tygodni spowodowało już ponowne namnażanie drobnoustrojów. W przypadku pozostałych dodatków wydłużenie czasu przechowywania wpływało na wzrost ilości drobnoustrojów

Influence of Citrosept addition to drinking water and Scutellaria baicalensis root extract on the content of selected mineral elements in blood plasma of turkey hens

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of Citrosept preparation and Scutellaria baicalensis root extract, administered per os to growing turkey hens in 3 different dosages, on the content of selected mineral elements in blood plasma of slaughter turkey hens. An attempt was also made to specify the most effective dosage of the applied preparations with the highest efficiency regarding increased levels of examined macro- and microelements in the birds’ blood. The research experiment was conducted on 315 turkey hens randomly divided into seven groups, each consisting of 45 turkey hens. Group C constituted the control group without experimental additions of the above-mentioned preparations. In turkey hens in groups II–IV, Citrosept preparation was instilled to water in the following dosages: Group II – 0.011 ml/kg of bm; Group III – 0.021 ml/kg of bm; Group IV – 0.042 ml/kg bm. For birds which belonged to groups V–VII, a preparation of Scutellaria baicalensis root extract was instilled to water in the following dosages: Group V – 0.009 ml/kg of bm; Group VI – 0.018 ml/kg of bm, Group VII – 0.036 ml/kg bm. In the examined plant extracts and blood plasma of the birds the levels of Na, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn, and Fe were identified. The use of examined extracts influenced changes in the levels of all tested elements in slaughter turkey hens’ blood plasma. An upward tendency was recorded in the level of calcium and magnesium, and a downward tendency of sodium, potassium, copper, zinc, and iron in relation to the results achieved in the control group

Dietary exposure to cadmium, lead and nickel among students from south-east Poland

Dietary intake of cadmium, lead and nickel was determined among students from three universities in Lublin to assess the levels of exposure to these contaminants compared to PTWI and TDI values. The study was performed in 2006–2010 and involved 850 daily food rations of students from the south–east region of Poland. The technique of 24-hour dietary recall and diet duplicates was used. Cadmium, lead and nickel complexes with ammonium-pyrrolidindithiocarbamate were formed and extracted to the organic phase with 4-methylpentan-2-one – MIBK in which their content was measured by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The highest intake of the elements studied was observed in 2008. The data show that in none of the cases, the level of intake reached 70 % of PTWI/TDI values and thus the risk of developing diseases related to high exposure to these toxic metals absorbed from foodstuffs was low. The parameters of methods were checked during determinations by adding standard solutions to the samples before mineralization and by using two reference materials: Total diet ARC/CL HDP and Bovine muscle RM NIST 8414. The dietary exposure to lead and cadmium has significantly decreased in recent years whereas the exposures to nickel remain on stable levels

The influence of Citrosept addition to drinking water and <i>Scutellaria baicalensis</i> root extract on the content of selected mineral elements in the blood plasma of turkey hens.

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of Citrosept preparation and Scutellaria baicalensis root extract, administered per os to growing turkey hens in 3 different dosages, on the content of selected mineral elements in blood plasma of slaughter turkey hens. An attempt was also made to specify the most effective dosage of the applied preparations with the highest efficiency regarding increased levels of examined macro- and microelements in the birds’ blood. The research experiment was conducted on 315 turkey hens randomly divided into seven groups, each consisting of 45 turkey hens. Group C constituted the control group without experimental additions of the above-mentioned preparations. In turkey hens in groups II–IV, Citrosept preparation was instilled to water in the following dosages: Group II – 0.011 ml/kg of bm; Group III – 0.021 ml/kg of bm; Group IV – 0.042 ml/kg bm. For birds which belonged to groups V–VII, a preparation of Scutellaria baicalensis root extract was instilled to water in the following dosages: Group V – 0.009 ml/kg of bm; Group VI – 0.018 ml/kg of bm, Group VII – 0.036 ml/kg bm. In the examined plant extracts and blood plasma of the birds the levels of Na, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn, and Fe were identified. The use of examined extracts influenced changes in the levels of all tested elements in slaughter turkey hens’ blood plasma. An upward tendency was recorded in the level of calcium and magnesium, and a downward tendency of sodium, potassium, copper, zinc, and iron in relation to the results achieved in the control group

Allergenic potential of moulds isolated from buildings

Introduction: Moulds are the one of the known biological factors that have a negative impact on human health. Moulds are commonly present in residential and work environments. Materials plentiful in organic compounds, such as building materials or paints, are a splendid substrate for the development of moulds. The first documented mention of a study describing the harmful effects caused by moulds in buildings emerged in the early nineteenth century. In Copenhagen and then in Padua, moulds of the genus Penicillium, Cladosporium and Mucor were found in buildings. Objective: To present the current state of the allergic properties and other negative health effects caused by moulds isolated from buildings. Brief description of the state of knowledge: The literature and own research clearly shows that moulds and their secondary metabolites can evoke toxic effects on human and animal health, and cause symptoms similar to allergic diseases. These allergens have been noted in spores as well as other fungal fragments; however, most allergens are located in germinating spores, in the hyphal tips and in mycelia. Fungal allergy can express in different ways: asthma, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, urticaria and atopic dermatitis. Fungal allergy antigen is bound to IgE-dependent reactions but also to reactions independent of IgE. Conclusions: Moulds are a significant but difficult to detect etiologic agent of different allergic diseases. Prevention of this diseases is important for patients with suspected connection between common allergic symptoms and affinity with moulds

Evaluation on content of soluble oxalates in granular herbal teas

Celem pracy było porównanie zawartości rozpuszczalnych szczawianów w ziołowych herbatkach wytworzonych w procesie aglomeracji bezciśnieniowej pylistych frakcji ziół i herbatkach dostępnych na rynku. W sporządzonych naparach oznaczano zawartość rozpuszczalnych szczawianów metodą manganianometryczną. Najmniejszą zawartość szczawianów wykazywały napary z rumianku, a największą herbatki z melisy. Zawartość szczawianów w handlowych herbatkach ziołowych wynosiła dla rumianku 8,7 mg∙100 g-1, dla szałwii 11,55 mg∙100 g-1 i dla melisy 13,95 mg∙100 g-1 s.m. produktu. W naparach przygotowanych z granulek o wymiarze 1-2 mm wykryto od 11,55 do 34,05 mg∙100 g-1 s.m. szczawianów. Herbatki z granulek o mniejszym rozmiarze zawierały większą ilość szczawianów. Największą zawartość tych związków stwierdzono w naparach z granulek melisy o wymiarze mniejszych od 1 mm. Uzyskane wyniki pozwalają stwierdzić, że herbatki otrzymane z granulowanych pyłów ziołowych nie stanowią zagrożenia dla zdrowia z powodu zawartych w nich szczawianów i mogą zostać wykorzystane jako alternatywny sposób zagospodarowania pylistych frakcji zielarskich.Herbs are natural and safe agents for treatment of many illnesses. Herbal preparations are prepared from fresh or dried suitably comminuted plants and can be used internally and externally. They help to maintain good health and generally strengthen the body. It should be remembered that, in addition valuable ingredients herbs may contain anti-nutritive substances such as oxalates. Excessive consumption of these substances can cause many ailments associated with impaired calcium balance in the human body, and in particular provoke the formation of kidney stones. In many countries, herbal teas are classified as foodstuffs of small (<2 mg) and medium (2-10 mg) content of soluble oxalates in 250 cm3 of the beverage. The amount of oxalate present in herbal teas depends on many factors, inter alia, by region of origin, of the period of harvest, anatomical portion plant, processing method, and a method of making. Extremely important is determining the amount of oxalate in food and daily diet, especially for people at risk of nephrolithiasis. The amount of oxalate adopted by an adult should not exceed 40-50 mg per day. The aim of the study was to compare the content of soluble oxalates in herbal teas produced using the non-pressure agglomeration of dust fraction of lemon balm, wild chamomile and sage. The control sample was herbal teas available in the market. The content of soluble oxalates was determined in the prepared infusions with a manganometric method. The teas were brewed at 100 cm3 distilled water a temperature of 90°C in 3 min under cover. The lowest content of oxalates was shown by the infusions of chamomile and the highest by tea with lemon balm. The content of oxalates in herbal infusions was increased with the degree of fragmentation of herbs. Teas from granules of smaller size contained a larger amount of oxalates. The highest content of soluble oxalates was exhibited teas of lemon balm prepared from granules which had a particle size of less than 1 mm. The results show that tea prepared from granular herbal dust does not pose a health risk due to the content of oxalates. It can be used as an alternative method of managing herbal waste

Impact of copper (Cu) at the dose of 50 mg on haematological and biochemical blood parameters in turkeys, and level of Cu accumulation in the selected tissues as a source of information on product safety for consumers

Introduction. The current state-of the art points to a positive impact of copper (Cu) supplements on the general health status in poultry. Copper induces beneficial changes in the haematological and biochemical blood parameters. It also displays immunostimulating properties and helps maintain a proper microbiological balance in the digestive tract. Objective. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of Cu at the dose of 50 mg/kg BW, administered in organic and inorganic form, on the haematological and biochemical blood parameters and level of Cu bioaccumulation in the liver and pectoral muscle. Materials and method. The study was carried out on 45 BUT-9 turkeys which had been were reared for 16 weeks. They were divided into 3 experimental groups: I – the control group; II – fed with CuSO4 at the dose of 50 mg Cu·dm-3 H2O; III – received a Cu chelate with lysine at the same dose. Results. The administration of Cu at the dose exceeding the nutritional recommendations did not induce beneficial changes in the examined birds. This indicates that it is not necessary to administer Cu doses higher than the recommended levels. The extent of Cu accumulation in the pectoral muscle increased by 40% compared to the control group, whereas in the liver it was higher by 30–35% than in the birds without Cu administration. The level of Cu in tissues does not pose a risk to consumers. Conclusions. The supplementation of Cu at the dose of 50 mg has a negative impact on the level of the analyzed parameters. The results of the presented study indicate that the administered Cu dose exceeds birds’ demand for this element