Working Paper 11-10 - Biocapacité et empreinte écologique des modes de vie : des indicateurs pour la politique de développement durable ?

Indicators, Environment, Sustainable development

Working Paper 14-08 - Examen des méthodes et analyse de 6 projets de prospective participative. Etude préliminaire au 4° Rapport fédéral sur le développement durable

Sustainable development, Forecast, Participation

S-allylmercaptocysteine reduces carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic oxidative stress and necroinflammation via nuclear factor kappa B-dependent pathways in mice

Purpose To study the protective effects and underlying molecular mechanisms of SAMC on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute hepatotoxicity in the mouse model. Methods Mice were intraperitoneally injected with CCl4 (50 μl/kg; single dose) to induce acute hepatotoxicity with or without a 2-h pre-treatment of SAMC intraperitoneal injection (200 mg/kg; single dose). After 8 h, the blood serum and liver samples of mice were collected and subjected to measurements of histological and molecular parameters of hepatotoxicity. Results SAMC reduced CCl4-triggered cellular necrosis and inflammation in the liver under histological analysis. Since co-treatment of SAMC and CCl4 enhanced the expressions of antioxidant enzymes, reduced the nitric oxide (NO)-dependent oxidative stress, and inhibited lipid peroxidation induced by CCl4. SAMC played an essential antioxidative role during CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity. Administration of SAMC also ameliorated hepatic inflammation induced by CCl4 via inhibiting the activity of NF-κB subunits p50 and p65, thus reducing the expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines, mediators, and chemokines, as well as promoting pro-regenerative factors at both transcriptional and translational levels. Conclusions Our results indicate that SAMC mitigates cellular damage, oxidative stress, and inflammation in CCl4-induced acute hepatotoxicity mouse model through regulation of NF-κB. Garlic or garlic derivatives may therefore be a potential food supplement in the prevention of liver damage

Indicateurs de progrès sociétal, outils de connaissance et d’action

L'article donne une vue d'ensemble des contributions à la conférence sur les indicateurs de progrès sociétal organisée en décembre 2014 par l'IWEPS et le BFP ainsi que de ses principaux enseignements. La mise en œuvre des décisions politiques pionnières en cette matière en Wallonie et au niveau fédéral belge est située dans le cadre des développements en cours des projets internationaux concernant les indicateurs. L'article montre la richesse et la diversité de la dynamique régionale, nationale et internationale alimentant le débat sur les meilleures façons de mesurer le progrès des sociétés, ainsi que les efforts de convergence en cours. Ces balises permettent notamment de comprendre les processus de décision, de construction et d'usage déterminant la conception des indicateurs complémentaires au PIB et des indicateurs de développement durable

Phonological processing of rhyme in spoken language and location in sign language by deaf and hearing participants: A neurophysiological study.

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Phonological processing of rhyme in spoken language and location in sign language by deaf and hearing participants: A neurophysiological study

Aim: Sign languages (SL), like oral languages (OL), organize elementary, meaningless units into meaningful semantic units. Our aim was to compare, at behavioral and neurophysiological levels, the processing of the location parameter in French Belgian SL to that of the rhyme in oral French. Participants and methods: Ten hearing and 10 profoundly deaf adults performed a rhyme judgment task in OL and a similarity judgment on location in SL. Stimuli were pairs of pictures. Results: As regards OL, deaf subjects' performances, although above chance level, were significantly lower than that of hearing subjects, suggesting that a metaphonological analysis is possible for deaf people but rests on phonological representations that are less precise than in hearing people. As regards SL, deaf subjects scores indicated that a metaphonological judgment may be performed on location. The contingent negative variation (CNV) evoked by the first picture of a pair was similar in hearing subjects in OL and in deaf subjects in OL and SL. However, an N400 evoked by the second picture of the non-rhyming pairs was evidenced only in hearing subjects in OL. The absence of N400 in deaf subjects may be interpreted as the failure to associate two words according to their rhyme in OL or to their location in SL. Conclusion: Although deaf participants can perform metaphonological judgments in OL, they differ from hearing participants both behaviorally and in ERP. Judgment of location in SL is possible for deaf signers, but, contrary to rhyme judgment in hearing participants, does not elicit any N400. © 2013 Elsevier Masson SAS.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe