Huge Landslides along the Jinsha River in Southeastern Tibetan Plateau and Their Association with the Recent Activity of Jinsha River Fault Zone

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;amp;#160;&amp;amp;#160;&amp;amp;#160;&amp;amp;#160; The Jinsha river fault zone in the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau is an old suture structure after the shutting of the proto-Tethys and a large scale ultra-lithosphere fault zone consisted of&amp;amp;#160; 5 to 6 fault branches with a width of 50km, have a long&amp;amp;#160;&amp;amp;#160;geological evolution history. Since late Quatery, this fault zone is mainly dominated by dextral strike slip with partial thrusting component, absorbing &amp;amp;#160;partial energy of the extrusion movement of&amp;amp;#160;&amp;amp;#160;Tibetan Plateau. Along the fault zone, lower terraces of Jinsha river at Muronglou, Buzhong, Langzhong, Guxue, etc. were displaced, indicating the fault zone is active in late Quaternary, with an average rate of 3.5&amp;amp;#65374;4.3mm/ /yr. horizontally and 0.9-1.1mm/yr. vertically respectively in Holocene. Influenced by the intense fault activity of Jinsha river fault zone, this region is characterized by fractured rocks, strongly weathered surfaces.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;amp;#160;&amp;amp;#160;&amp;amp;#160;&amp;amp;#160;&amp;amp;#160; The Jinsha river, the upstream of the Yangtze river, parallel to Jinshajiang fault zone, flows from north to south, forming deep river valley and huge terrain elevation difference. Numerous huge landslides have developed along the river, for example, there are 23 giant avalanches in the 38 km long reach from Narong to Rongxue, with general volumes of 10~70 million m&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;3&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; and even up to several hundreds million m&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;3&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;. Moreover, the landslides produce many loose clastic fragments which detonate many debris flows and river blocking. The latest disaster event is the Baige barrier lake in 2018 caused by landslide, with a water storage capacity of 524 million m&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;3&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;, causing tens of billions of yuan of economic losses. These landslides are distributed along the fault and its two sides, suggesting that these huge avalanches are closely related to the intense activity of the fault zone and special topography.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Keywords: Huge landslide, Jinsha River, Jinsha River Fault Zone, late Quatery activity&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt; </jats:p

The Biluoxueshan transpressive deformation zone monitored by synkinematic plutons, around the Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis

The Biluoxueshan deformation zone is an Early Eocene dextral transpressive zone located around the Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis, and it consists mainly of granite, mylonitic granite, mylonitic gneiss, and schist. Structural evidence indicates that the granitic plutons were emplaced into the zone as subvertical sheeted bodies, then progressively deformed and partly mylonitized. The zone is characterized by a vertical to subvertical foliation and a subhorizontal stretching lineation. Kinematic criteria indicate a dextral sense of shear. A solid-state tectonic fabric is preserved in the mylonitic and magmatic rocks. The submagmatic and weak solid-state fabrics in these granitic plutons all are concordant, and they record horizontal shortening subvertical extension, and a significant component of dextral simple shear. The plutons are interpreted in terms of syntranspressional magmatism. The SIMS U-Pb ages of zircons in the granite plutons are 57-46 Ma, and the ages of the mylonitic granites range from 34 to 22 Ma We interpret the timing of the transpressive deformation to be between 57 and 22 Ma, and it may have started in the Late Paleocene and/or Early Eocene, corresponding to a period of crustal thickening due to India-Asia convergence. Movements dominated by dextral ductile shear occurred during the Early Oligocene to Early Miocene, accompanied by the continuous intrusion of granites. The total displacement along the zone is greater than 100 km. Ar-40/Ar-39 analysis of both the mylonites and the undeformed granites provides additional limits on the timing of vertical exhumation deformation, which is most consistent with a Middle Miocene cooling event along the transpressional zone (19-16 Ma). The Biluoxueshan shear zone, therefore, displays a complex geological history of deformation since ca. 57 Ma, and it has played a significant role in the overall intracontinental deformation, rather than merely being a strike-slip fault for the southeastwards differential extrusion of the Indochina block. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000311323900008&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=8e1609b174ce4e31116a60747a720701Geochemistry &amp; GeophysicsSCI(E)EI5ARTICLE158-18057

Decoding Mycoplasma Nucleases: Biological Functions and Pathogenesis

Nucleases are critical metabolic enzymes expressed by mycoplasmas to acquire nucleic acid precursors from the host for their parasitic existence. Certain nucleases, either membrane-bound or secreted, not only contribute to the growth of mycoplasmas but also serve as key virulence factors due to their unique spatial structures and physiological activity. The pathogenesis includes, but is not limited to, degradation of host DNA and RNA, leading to disruptions of nucleic acid metabolism and the induction of host cell apoptosis; degradation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), allowing escape from neutrophil-mediated killing; and upregulation of inflammatory molecules to modulate the immune response of the host. Understanding the biological functions of nucleases is essential for gaining deeper insights into the virulence and immune evasion strategies of mycoplasmas, which can inform the development of novel approaches for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of mycoplasma infections