Josephson φ\varphi-junctions based on structures with complex normal/ferromagnet bilayer

We demonstrate that Josephson devices with nontrivial phase difference $0<\varphi_g <\pi$ in the ground state can be realized in structures composed from longitudinally oriented normal metal (N) and ferromagnet (F) films in the weak link region. Oscillatory coupling across F-layer makes the first harmonic in the current-phase relation relatively small, while coupling across N-layer provides negative sign of the second harmonic. To derive quantitative criteria for a $\varphi$-junction, we have solved two-dimensional boundary-value problem in the frame of Usadel equations for overlap and ramp geometries of S-NF-S structures. Our numerical estimates show that $\varphi$-junctions can be fabricated using up-to-date technology.Comment: 14 pages, 9 figure

Precision determination of band offsets in strained InGaAs/GaAs quantum wells by C-V-profiling and Schroedinger-Poisson self-consistent simulation

The results of measurements and numerical simulation of charge carrier distribution and energy states in strained quantum wells In_xGa_{1-x}As/GaAs (0.06 < x < 0.29) by C-V-profiling are presented. Precise values of conduction band offsets for these pseudomorphic QWs have been obtained by means of self-consistent solution of Schroedinger and Poisson equations and following fitting to experimental data. For the conduction band offsets in strained In_xGa_{1-x}As/GaAs - QWs the expression DE_C(x) = 0.814x - 0.21x^2 has been obtained.Comment: 9 pages, 12 figures, RevTeX

Application of clinical and economic analysis methods in assessment of the effectiveness of benign prostatic hyperplasia surgical treatment

Aim To determine the effectiveness of transurethral resection (TUR) and transvesical adenomectomy (TA) in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) by methods of clinical and economic analysis (CEA). Materials and methods We investigated the results of surgical treatment of BPH with the method of TA with a deaf seam of the bladder (n = 252) and a monopolar TUR (n=40). The duration of urethral drainage was 3.1 ± 0.8 and 2.9 ± 0.6 days, respectively. The cost of one treatment case for TA was 37,309.07 rubles, and for TUR - 50,391.46 rubles. Clinical efficacy (Eff) was determined from three indicators: uroflowmetry, I-PSS, and QoL with performance criteria set for them. In the TA group after 1 month after the operation Eff was 100%. In the TUR group after the same period, Eff by three indicators was 43.3%. Drug therapy (DT) with tolterodine and tamsulosin for 2 months allowed to achieve 100% Eff in the TUR group, but led to an increase in the cost of treatment. CEA was determined by using the cost-effectiveness and cost minimization methods. Conclusion TA with a deaf seam of the bladder has better clinical efficacy and lower costs than TUR. To increase the efficiency of TUR additional DT may be required.Цель: Определить эффективность трансуретральной резекции (ТУР) и аденомэктомии (АЭ) в лечении аденомы предстательной железы (АПЖ) методами клинико-экономического анализа (КЭА). Материалы и методы: Изучены результаты хирургического лечения АПЖ методом чреспузырной АЭ с глухим швом мочевого пузыря (n=252) и монополярной ТУР (n=40) . Длительность госпитализации в группе АЭ была 14,3±1,3, а в группе ТУР - 13,9±1,8 койко-дней. Сроки уретрального дренирования составили 3,1±0,8 и 2,9±0,6 суток соответственно. Стоимость одного случая лечения АПЖ для АЭ составила 37 309,07 руб., а для ТУР - 50 391,46 руб. Клиническая эффективность (Eff) определялась по данным трех показателей сравнения: урофлоуметрии, шкалы I-PSS и индекса QoL с заданными для них критериями эффективности. В группе АЭ через 1 мес. после операции Eff составила 100%. В группе ТУР на том же сроке Eff по трем показателям составила 43,3%. Медикаментозная терапия (МТ) толтеродином и тамсулозином в течение 2-х мес. позволила достичь 100% Eff в группе ТУР, однако привела к удорожанию лечения 1 случая на 1756,1 руб. Экономическую эффективность (Keff) определяли по методу «стоимость-эффективность». Keff для АЭ на сроке 1 мес. был равен 373,09. Для ТУР Keff на сроке 1 мес. составил 1163,78, а после 2-х мес. МТ – 521,5. Методом «минимизация затрат» установлено, что стоимость лечения 1 случая АПЖ в группе ТУР на 15148,39 руб. дороже, чем в группе АЭ. Выводы: Оперативное лечение методом АЭ с глухим швом мочевого пузыря имеет лучшую клиническую эффективность и меньшие затраты, чем ТУР. Для повышения эффективности ТУР может потребоваться дополнительная МТ

Analysis of vitamin D availability of premature infants in the south of Russia

Introduction. Inadequate vitamin D supply worldwide is a public health problem. Low vitamin D levels during pregnancy can lead to abnormal placentation, placental insufficiency and abnormal fetal development, which contributes to poor health after birth.Objective of the study is to analyze the vitamin D status of premature infants born in the south of Russia.Materials and methods. A total of 141 premature infants were examined. Extremely low birth weight was found in 19 (13.4%) newborns, very low birth weight in 35 (24.8%), and low birth weight in 75 (53.2%).Results and discussion. Premature infants had vitamin D deficiency in the majority of cases (51%), with a median of 16.9 [11.7; 22.9] ng/mL. Correlation analysis demonstrated a positive association between 25(OH)D levels and body weight in very low birth weight infants (r = 0.34, p = 0.043). Serum vitamin D concentrations were 1.6 times lower in infants whose mothers did not receive multivitamins than in those whose mothers received multivitamins, 13.8 [9.7; 20.9] and 21.6 [16.9; 28.6] ng/mL, respectively (p = 0.001). Infants with an Apgar score of 7-10 had higher vitamin D levels, 17.8 [11.9; 22.7] ng/mL, than infants with severe asphyxia, 13.8 [9.9; 16.8] ng/mL (p = 0.036). Premature infants with congenital infection had lower 25(OH)D levels than infants without an infectious process, 15.6 [10.8; 22.9] and 18.4 [14.2; 22.7] ng/mL, respectively. Children with an infectious process that subsequently ended in death had lower 25(OH)D levels than children without an infectious process (p = 0.001). Children with cerebral ischemia had lower 25(OH)D concentrations than children without cerebral ischemia (p = 0.001).Conclusions. Premature infants born in the south of Russia have vitamin D deficiency in more than half of the cases. Administration of preparations containing cholecalciferol reduces the proportion of newborns with severe vitamin D deficiency, but does not ensure optimal serum levels. Initially low levels of 25(OH)D can be considered as an unfavorable prognostic sign against the background of the development of congenital infection

Resonant scattering of spin waves from a region of inhomogeneous magnetic field in a ferromagnetic film

The transmission of a dipole-dominated spin wave in a ferromagnetic film through a localised inhomogeneity in the form of a magnetic field produced by a dc current through a wire placed on the film surface was studied experimentally and theoretically. It was shown that the amplitude and phase of the transmitted wave can be simultaneously affected by the current induced field, a feature that will be relevant for logic based on spin wave transport. The direction of the current creates either a barrier or well for spin wave transmission. The main observation is that the current dependence of the amplitude of the spin wave transmitted through the well inhomogeneity is non-monotonic. The dependence has a minimum and an additional maximum. A theory was constructed to clarify the nature of the maximum. It shows that the transmission of spin waves through the inhomogeneity can be considered as a scattering process and that the additional maximum is a scattering resonance

SYNTHESIS OF NEW PHOSPHORS BASED ON Tm3+, Nd3+ OR Ho3+ DOPED GERMANATES BY “WET” CHEMICAL ROUTES

Various “wet” synthetic chemical techniques are widely used for the production of multifunctional inorganic materials. In contrast to the standard high-temperature solid state route, methods based on the dissolution of starting reagents allow one to obtain phases with given particle morphology and particle size distribution. Besides, with this approach, the defect structure can be efficiently controlled by varying the synthesis conditions and solution preparation. These advantages are important for producing luminescent materials.This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, project № 16-13-10111

Phonon-Like Excitations of the Instanton Liquid

The phonon-like excitations of (anti)-instanton liquid ($\bar II$) due to adiabatic variations of vacuum wave functions are studied in this paper. The kinetic energy term is found and proper effective Lagrangian for such excitations is evaluated.The properties of their spectrum, while the corresponding masses are defined by $\Lambda_{QCD}$ with prevailing chromoelectric component, are investigated based on the phenomenology of QCD vacuum already developed.Comment: 7 page