Corrections to the thermodynamics of Schwarzschild-Tangherlini black hole and the generalized uncertainty principle

We investigate the thermodynamics of Schwarzschild-Tangherlini black hole in the context of the generalized uncertainty principle. The corrections to the Hawking temperature, entropy and the heat capacity are obtained via the modified Hamilton-Jacobi equation. These modifications show that the GUP changes the evolution of Schwarzschild-Tangherlini black hole. Specially, the GUP effect becomes susceptible when the radius or mass of black hole approach to the order of Planck scale, it stops radiating and leads to black hole remnant. Meanwhile, the Planck scale remnant can be confirmed through the analysis of the heat capacity. Those phenomenons imply that the GUP may give a way to solve the information paradox. Besides, we also investigate the possibilities to observe the black hole at LHC, the results demonstrate that the black hole can not be produced in the recent LHC.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figure

Optical and magnetic properties of Ni nanoparticles in rutile formed by Ni ion implantation

Crystalline Ni nanoparticles in the near surface of TiO2TiO2 (rutile) have been synthesized by Ni ion beam implantation at room temperature to a fluence of 1×1017/cm21×1017∕cm2. Transmission electron microscopy, optical absorption spectroscopy, and a superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer have been utilized to characterize the nanostructure, optical and magnetic properties of Ni particles in TiO2TiO2. Crystalline Ni nanoparticles with dimensions ranging 3–20 nm formed in the near surface of rutile, which caused a broad absorption band from 700 nm in the optical absorption spectrum. Magnetic measurement indicated that the coercive force of Ni nanoparticles was about 210 Oe at 10 K. The superparamagnetism of the nanoparticles was observed above blocking temperature T = 85 KT=85K.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/87774/2/043107_1.pd

Optical properties and structure characterization of sapphire after Ni ion implantation and annealing

Implantation of 64 keV64keV Ni ions to sapphire was conducted at room temperature to 1×1017 ions/cm21×1017ions∕cm2 with a current density of 55 or 10 μA/cm210μA∕cm2. Metallic Ni nanoparticles were formed with the 5 μA/cm25μA∕cm2 ion current and the NiAl2O4NiAl2O4 compound was formed with the 10 μA/cm210μA∕cm2 ion current. The crystals implanted with both current densities were annealed isochronally for 1 h1h at temperatures up to 1000 °C1000°C in steps of 100 °C100°C in an ambient atmosphere. Optical absorption spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy have been utilized to characterize the samples. The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) absorption band peaked at 400 nm400nm due to the Ni nanoparticles shifted toward the longer wavelength gradually with the annealing temperature increasing from 400 to 700 °C400to700°C. The SPR absorption band disappeared after the annealing temperature reached 800 °C800°C. NiO nanoparticles were formed at the expense of Ni nanoparticles with an increasing annealing temperature. The TEM analyses revealed that the nanoparticles grew to 6–20 nm6–20nm and migrated toward the surface after annealing at 900 °C900°C. The absorption band at 430 nm430nm from Ni2+Ni2+ cations in NiAl2O4NiAl2O4 did not shift with the increasing annealing temperature.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/87389/2/073524_1.pd

Nanodomains of pyrochlore formed by Ti ion implantation in yttria-stabilized zirconia

The microstructural evolution of a single crystal of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) implanted with Ti has been studied by cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The implantation of 180 keV Ti ions to a dose of 1×1017 ions/cm21×1017ions/cm2 was completed at room temperature. After annealing at 1100 °C in an Ar atmosphere for 2 h, a phase transition from the fluorite structure of ZrO2ZrO2 to an isometric pyrochlore structure-type, A2B2O7,A2B2O7, occurred due to cation ordering. High-resolution TEM revealed nanodomains of pyrochlore, Y2(TixZr1−x)2O7,Y2(TixZr1−x)2O7, with a ≅ 10.24±0.05 Å.a≅10.24±0.05Å. The nanodomains of the pyrochlore phase, embedded within the YSZ fluorite substrate, occurred in a depth range from 45 to 105 nm below the surface, which corresponds to Ti concentrations from ∼10 to ∼15 at. %. The nanoscale pyrochlore precipitates and the YSZ matrix have a completely coherent orientation. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/70072/2/APPLAB-80-23-4327-1.pd

Photoluminescence of SnO2 nanoparticles embedded in Al2O3

"Tetragonal Sn nanoparticles of [?]15 nm diameter are produced in Al2O3 by direct Sn implantation at room temperature. After thermal annealing at 1000 degC in oxygen, the implantation-induced amorphous region recrystallized and the Sn nanoparticles turned into SnO2 nanoparticles with an average diameter of [?]30 nm as revealed by transmission electron microscopy. While no absorption and photoluminescence (PL) are observed from the metallic Sn nanoparticles, SnO2 nanoparticles exhibit an absorption edge at [?]280 nm and three emission bands at 410 nm, 520 nm and 700 nm, respectively. In addition to the previously reported blue and green emission from SnO2 nanostructures, a red PL band was observed due to the unique surface state of SnO2 nanoparticles embedded in Al2O3 substrate fabricated by ion implantation."http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/64215/1/d8_22_225102.pd

Theoretical investigation of structural, energetic and electronic properties of titanate pyrochlores

Ab initio total energy calculations using the plane-wave pseudopotential method based on density functional theory were carried out to investigate the structural, energetic and electronic properties of A2Ti2O7 (A =  La, Gd and Yb) pyrochlores. It turned out that the formation energies of antisite defects are not linearly dependent on the ratio of the cation radii, and, for the three compositions, the cation antisite formation energy is largest for Gd2Ti2O7 pyrochlore. It was indicated that Gd2Ti2O7 compound is the least likely to form defect fluorite structure, which gives rise to the least resistance to radiation-induced amorphization. DOS analysis showed that stronger interaction exists in the Gd2Ti2O7 compound, and its electronic structure is very different from that of La2Ti2O7 and Yb2Ti2O7. Our calculations suggested that the electronic structure of the A cation and bond type should be taken into account when explaining the response behavior of A2Ti2O7 (A =  La, Gd, Yb) pyrochlores to ion irradiation-induced amorphization.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/58124/2/cm7_34_346203.pd

Effect of electron irradiation on the transformation characteristics of narrow hysteresis TiNiCu shape memory alloys

TiNiCu shape memory alloy samples were irradiated by 1.7 MeV electrons below the martensite finish temperature Mf.Mf. The transformation temperatures and the latent heat of phase transformation were measured by differential scanning calorimeter. The damage accumulation was determined by positron annihilation technology. The results indicated that the austenite transformation temperatures were raised, and the hysteresis was increased by the irradiation. The electron irradiation had a slight effect on Mf,Mf, and no detectable effect on the martensitic transformation start temperature Ms.Ms. The second lifetime of positrons were increased by the electron irradiation indicating the increase in the size and amount of vacancy clusters, which contributed to the observed change of the transformation characteristics. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/70937/2/APPLAB-80-1-31-1.pd

Fabrication and characterization of wire-like SnO2

Wire-like SnO2 is fabricated by the wet chemical method. X-ray diffraction measurements show that the obtained samples have rutile-type structure. Electron transmission microscopy experiments illustrate that the wire-like SnO2 ranged from 10 to 50 nm in width and several microns (µm) in length. The high-resolution TEM indicates that SnO2 wires are single crystals. The possible growth mechanism is proposed, and it is found that polyethylene glycol plays an important role in obtaining the wire-like and nano-rods morphology of SnO2. The band gap is determined to be 3.56 eV. Two photoluminescence peaks located at 389 and 470 nm are observed. Our fabrication method promises a simple way of synthesizing wire-like SnO2 at a low temperature of 350°C.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/48911/2/d6_12_004.pd

Vertical jetting induced by shear horizontal leaky surface acoustic wave on 36°Y-X LiTaO3

Shear horizontal surface acoustic waves (SH-SAWs) have been regarded as a good candidate for liquid sensing applications, but being inefficient in fluid manipulation due to a minimal fluid coupling between the fluid and acoustic waves. However, in this letter, a vertical jetting function was realized using the SH-SAW generated from a 36°Y-X LiTaO3 SAW device. The jetting of the droplet induced by the SH-SAWs was observed nearly along vertical direction, and the aspect ratio of the liquid beam is proportional to the applied power before breaking up, which is dramatically different from those generated from the conventional Rayleigh SAWs. By conducting theoretical simulation and experimental investigation on the SH-SAWs systematically, we concluded that the wave/energy pressure dissipated into the sessile droplets causes this vertical ejection on the device surface