3 research outputs found

    ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ КРАТКОСРОЧНОГО ПРОГНОЗИРОВАНИЯ СТОКА МАЛОЙ РЕКИ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ МЕТОДОВ МАШИННОГО ОБУЧЕНИЯ

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    The paper addresses prospects for short-term (from 1 to 7 days) forecasting of river streamflow runoff based on several machine learning methods: multiple linear regression (LM) model, a multilayer perceptron (MLP) artificial neural network, and a recurrent artificial neural network with long short-term memory (LSTM). Methods for expanding the set of predictors for model construction are proposed, and the possibility of random shuffling of the time-series of predictors for model calibration and verification are assessed. The object of the study is the small river of Central Russia – river Protva (Spas-Zagorie gauge). Current and lagged values of streamflow discharge at the gauge and daily precipitation at local weather stations are used as predictors for the model, as well as moisture index and evaporation rate. The obtained results show the possibility of constructing an effective operational forecasting system for short-term runoff forecasting. The study revealed the applicability of artificial neural network models, acceptable for operational practice, using all available hydrometeorological information on the catchment, as they showed the most stable results at all lead times from 1 to 7 days. In contrast to the linear model, which efficiency decreases after lead time of more than 3 days, the artificial neural networks models have higher forecast efficiency up to 7 days. The results obtained are robust for all phases of the water regime, both spring floods and summer floods. The software implementation of the models is made on the basis of open software libraries in the Python language, which makes it possible to widely use the methods for scientific research and applied problems.В статье исследуются возможности краткосрочного (от 1 до 7 суток) прогнозирования расходов воды на основе нескольких методов машинного обучения: модели множественной линейной регрессии, искусственной нейронной сети по типу многослойного перцептрона и рекуррентной искусственной нейронной сети с долгосрочной кратковременной памятью. Предлагаются методы расширения набора предикторов для построения моделей и исследуется возможность случайного перемешивания хронологического ряда предикторов для калибровки и верификации моделей как повышающая устойчивость результатов прогноза. В качестве объекта исследования используется малая река Средней полосы России – река Протва (гидрометрический пост Спас-Загорье). В качестве предикторов используются расходы воды на посту и суточные суммы осадков на трех ближайших метеостанциях в текущий момент времени (сутки) и со сдвигом назад до 7 суток, а также индекс увлажнения бассейна и характеристики температуры воздуха и испарения. На конкретном примере показана возможность построения эффективной оперативной прогностической системы для краткосрочного прогнозирования стока. Исследование выявило приемлемую для оперативной практики применимость моделей искусственных нейронных сетей, использующих всю доступную гидрометеорологическую информацию на водосборе, как показавших наиболее устойчивые результаты на всех заблаговременностях от 1 до 7 суток. Так, в отличие от линейной прогностической модели, эффективность которой снижается на заблаговременностях более 3 суток, модели искусственных нейронных сетей показали высокую эффективность прогноза до 7 суток. Полученные результаты устойчивы для всех фаз водного режима, как весеннего половодья, так и летних паводков. Программная реализация моделей выполнена на основании открытых программных библиотек на языке Python, что показывает возможность широкого использования описанных методик для научных исследований и прикладных задач

    How well can machine learning models perform without hydrologists?: Application of rational feature selection to improve hydrological forecasting

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    With more machine learning methods being involved in social and environmental research activities, we are addressing the role of available information for model training in model performance. We tested the abilities of several machine learning models for short-term hydrological forecasting by inferring linkages with all available predictors or only with those pre-selected by a hydrologist. The models used in this study were multivariate linear regression, the M5 model tree, multilayer perceptron (MLP) artificial neural network, and the long short-term memory (LSTM) model. We used two river catchments in contrasting runoff generation conditions to try to infer the ability of different model structures to automatically select the best predictor set from all those available in the dataset and compared models’ performance with that of a model operating on predictors prescribed by a hydrologist. Additionally, we tested how shuffling of the initial dataset improved model performance. We can conclude that in rainfall-driven catchments, the models performed generally better on a dataset prescribed by a hydrologist, while in mixed-snowmelt and baseflow-driven catchments, the automatic selection of predictors was preferable.Water Resource

    The Integrated System of Hydrological Forecasting in the Ussuri River Basin Based on the ECOMAG Model

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    This paper considers the main principles and technologies used in developing the operational modeling system for the Ussuri River Basin of 24,400 km2 based on the automated system of hydrological monitoring and data management (ASHM), the physical-mathematical model with distributed parameters ECOMAG (ECOlogical Model for Applied Geophysics) and the numerical mesoscale atmosphere model WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting Model). The system is designed as a freely combined tool that allows flexible changing of the forecasting and informational components. The technology of inter-model and cross-platform interoperability is based on the use of the Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) web services and the Open Geospatial Consortium Open Modelling Interface (OGC OpenMI) standard. The system demonstrates good performance in short-term forecast of rainfall floods and reproduces complex spatio-temporal structure for the runoff formation during extreme rainfall
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