ACUTE TOXICITY OF OPUNTIA FICUS INDICA AND PISTACIA LENTISCUS SEED OILS IN MICE

Opuntia ficus indica and Pistacia lentiscus L. seeds are used in traditional medicine. The objective of this study was to investigate the toxicity of the fixed oil of Opuntia ficus indica and Pistacia lentiscus L. seeds in mice through determination of LD50 values, and also the physicochemical characteristics of the fixed oil of these oils. The acute toxicity of their fixed oil were also investigated in mice using the method of Kabba and Berhens. The fixed oil of Pistacia lentiscus and Opuntia ficus indica seeds were extracted and analyzed for its chemical and physical properties such as acid value, free fatty acid percentage (% FFA), iodine index, and saponification value as well as refractive index and density. LD50 values obtained by single doses, orally and intraperitoneally administered in mice, were respectively 43 ± 0,8 ;[40.7- 45.4 ] ml/kg body wt. p.o. and 2.72 ± 0,1 ;[2.52–2.92] ml/kg body wt. i.p. for Opuntia ficus indica ; and 37 ± 1 ;[34.4 – 39.8 ] ml/kg body wt. p.o. and 2.52 ± 0,2 ;[2.22 – 2.81 ] ml/kg body wt. i.p. for Pistacia lentiscus respectively. The yields of seed oil were respectively calculated as 20.25% and 10.41%. The acid and free fatty acid values indicated that the oil has a low acidit

Analytic investigation into the statistical characteristics of the interference due to non-orthogonal time–frequency signaling

The statistical characteristics of non-truncated Intersymbol and Interchannel Interference (ISI/ICI) due to Non-Orthogonal Time-Frequency Signaling (NOTFS) are analytically investigated. The Gaussianity of ISI/ICI is formally discussed in general. This is illustrated for the special case of a single-carrier Faster-than-Nyquist (FTN) signaling using the Root-Raised Cosine (RRC) pulse. Novel closed-form expressions for the ISI second-order statistics are explicitly provided in terms of the system parameters for the same special case. These are partly used to analytically establish that, over all system parameters, the ISI characteristics asymptotically approach those of an exactly Gaussian RV only when the FTN speedup factor approaches infinity. Approximate, yet elegantly compact, closed-form expressions for the Bit Error Rate (BER) for a symbol-by-symbol binary detector using RRC signaling are provided to further shed light, through simulations, on the accuracy and validity of the commonly used Gaussian ISI assumption

Asymptotic series expansion for the probability density function of the interference due to Faster-Than-Nyquist signaling

A follow-up on a recent analytical investigation into the statistical characteristics of the Intersymbol Interference (ISI) due to Faster-Than-Nyquist (FTN) signaling is presented. An asymptotic series expansion for the ISI Probability Density Function (PDF) is provided based on the Edgeworth expansion. The non-trivial Petrov’s formula (a compact form of the Edgeworth series) is expanded into a simpler-to-use form accurate up to the 14th-order statistics. The ISI cumulants used in this expansion are compactly expressed in terms of power series of the FTN base signaling pulse. Using computer simulations, we illustrate the merits and limitations of the Edgeworth-Petrov (EP) expansion in comparison to its previously-used Gram-Charlier (GC) counterpart. Namely, while the former has a better convergence profile when ISI is due to FTN with a negligible phase jitter, the latter seems to be more computationally desirable for FTN with larger phase-jitters. Some application notes are provided to further illustrate the use of these expansion results