921 research outputs found
Mechanism of Polarization Fatigue in BiFeO3: the Role of Schottky Barrier
By using piezoelectric force microscopy and scanning Kelvin probe microscopy,
we have investigated the domain evolution and space charge distribution in
planar BiFeO3 capacitors with different electrodes. It is observed that charge
injection at the film/electrode interface leads to domain pinning and
polarization fatigue in BiFeO3. Furthermore, the Schottky barrier at the
interface is crucial for the charge injection process. Lowering the Schottky
barrier by using low work function metals as the electrodes can also improve
the fatigue property of the device, similar to what oxide electrodes can
achieve
TRPM7, magnesium and signaling
The transient receptor potential melastatin-subfamily member 7 (TRPM7) is a ubiquitously expressed chanzyme that possesses an ion channel permeable to the divalent cations Mg2+, Ca2+, and Zn2+, and an α-kinase that phosphorylates downstream substrates. TRPM7 and its homologue TRPM6 have been implicated in a variety of cellular functions and is critically associated with intracellular signaling, including receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)-mediated pathways. Emerging evidence indicates that growth factors, such as EGF and VEGF, signal through their RTKs, which regulate activity of TRPM6 and TRPM7. TRPM6 is primarily an epithelial-associated channel, while TRPM7 is more ubiquitous. In this review we focus on TRPM7 and its association with growth factors, RTKs, and downstream kinase signaling. We also highlight how interplay between TRPM7, Mg2+ and signaling kinases influences cell function in physiological and pathological conditions, such as cancer and preeclampsia
Experimental Upconversion of Images
We experimentally demonstrate the up-conversion of light carrying an image
from the infrared spectrum to the visible spectrum using four-wave mixing via a
ladder-type configuration in an atomic vapor. The results we obtained show the
high correlation between the input image and the up-converted image. We also
discuss the possible influences of experimental parameters on the resolution.
Our work might be useful for research in astrophysics, night-vision technology,
and chemical sensing.Comment: Accepted by PR
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