Ion mobility mass spectrometry with surface activated chemical ionisation as a method for studying the domain of water clusters

Water holds great relevance in various biological and biochemical systems. Water behaves as an excellent solvent, a reactant, a product and a catalyst of the reaction. The organisation of the water molecules, synergised by hydrogen bonds, builds up the structure of the water clusters. These water clusters significantly influence biological functions. To study the domain of water clusters using Ion mobility mass spectrometry with surface activated chemical ionisation. The experimental analysis was aimed to determine the water behaviour in terms of cluster formation before and after the application of a physical effect, namely low-frequency irradiation. A sanist platform-based spectrometer, manufactured by ISB srl with SACI version for protein analysis, was used as the equipment. Furthermore, for samples, we used pure de-ionised water, a part of which was used virgin, and another part was irradiated. Ion-mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS) procedure was adopted as the experimental method. An electromagnetic frequency fields generator was used to subject the test samples to electromagnetic radiations between 7 Hz to 80 Hz. The presence of neutral water species was confirmed in the water samples. For the same m/z, water ion clusters in the untreated water were found to have a much higher intensity than the electromagnetically treated water. The presence of a water cluster near the (M+H)+ in electromagnetically treated dilute arginine solution was also confirmed. It is possible to detect water ion clusters by using Ion mobility mass spectrometry and SACI with low surface potential (47 V). The water cluster formation and its characteristics were found to be different in the treated and non-treated water. The electromagnetic radiations of low frequency seem to affect the hydrogen bonds of the water molecules

I fattori di successo nelle strategie di sviluppo culture-driven / Key assets in culture-driven development strategies

Negli ultimi anni, numerosi studiosi hanno messo in evidenza come la cultura sia importante non solamente in quanto costituisce un fondamentale valore di civiltà, ma anche perché rappresenta una risorsa fondamentale per una crescita economica sostenibile. In questo articolo, nella prima parte, cercheremo pertanto di analizzare lo stato attuale della cultura in Europa attraverso i principali indicatori, prestando particolare attenzione alle correlazioni esistenti tra cultura, innovazione e competitività dei Paesi. La seconda parte affronterà il ruolo strategico della cultura per lo sviluppo di un territorio e attraverso l'analisi di due casi si analizzerano le iniziative culture-driven implementate da Vienna e Barcellona, che negli ultimi anni hanno fatto notevoli investimenti in campo culturale. Lo studio ha permesso di individuare quattro fattori comuni che hanno portato al successo dei piani strategici di rinnovamento delle due città: il sostegno politico e finanziario di lungo periodo da parte degli stakeholders; una chiara attribuzione dei ruoli tra gli stakeholders; un'elevata autonomia nella gestione dei budget e la presenza di manager con esperienze e network internazionali. In recent years, many scholars have pointed out that culture is important not only because it is a fundamental value of civilization, but also because it represents a key resource for sustainable economic growth. In this article, in the first part, we will analyze the current state of culture in Europe through the main indicators, paying particular attention to the relationships between culture, innovation and competitiveness of countries. The second part will address the strategic role of culture in the development of a territory and through the analysis of two cases we analyze the culture-driven initiatives implemented by Vienna and Barcelona which in recent years have made substantial investment in the cultural field. The study has made it possible to pinpoint four common factors that have led to the success of two strategic city renewal plans: the political and financial support from stakeholders, a clear allocation of roles between the stakeholders, a high degree of autonomy in the management of budgets and the presence of managers with international experience and network