Dynamic Anthropometric Characteristics of Pedestrians in Case of Car Collision

The paper gives an overview of the specific features of anthropometric characteristics of humans – pedestrians in case of car accidents involving pedestrians and cars. Here, special attention has been paid to the configuration of the human body while moving, which is in turn related to the initial conditions of a collision. Special part of biomechanics in humans refers to their moving, where human’s walk has a specific posture as a mechanical phenomenon. Based on the carried out analysis the need has been observed for a classification of anthropologic variables by means of which the dynamic inertia moments of a walking human can be calculated, as well as the human, who hit by a car in a traffic accident flies along a production curvilinear path. With the development of ergonomics, and the accompanying increased application of anthropometry, the static anthropometry was abandoned, since the humans are considered highly variable in their dimensions, which is extremely importantfor the dynamic analysis of the human body posture in the collision process

Analysis of harmful emissions generated by road traffic in the city of Zagreb and proposals of measures

The total number of registered road motor vehicles in Croatia in 2008 was 2,021,936 out of which 20.5% were registered in the city of Zagreb. Due to improper engine operating conditions, relatively low speeds (below 80km/h), large number of vehicles, high percentage of defective vehicles, poor fuel quality, the highest effect on air pollution in the city of Zagreb is generated by road motor vehicles. If air pollution in the city is analyzed from 2001 to 2009, it may be concluded that the biggest problem lies in the pollution by nitrogen oxides, airborne particles and ground-level ozone, which means that taking these pollution parameters in consideration the air was of Category II, i.e. moderately polluted. The most endangered city areas are the industrial zones and traffic nodes. Numerous European cities have been undertaking activities in order to reduce air pollution, which include also the introduction of new standards for new vehicles, improvement of fuel quality, fuel and vehicle taxing, usage of alternative fuels, etc. The city of Zagreb is no exception and since the current traffic system has not been solved in an optimal manner and since there is a lot of room for improvements in technical, technological and ecological sense, this paper will analyze the impact of road traffic on air pollution and offer proposals of measures to establish a sustainable traffic system of the City of Zagreb. Some of the proposals for reducing the harmful emissions from road traffic in the city of Zagreb include: reconstruction of the road network (emphasis on intersections), introduction of the traffic-dependent control of light signalized intersections, usage of intelligent transport systems for guiding and better organization of traffic, “Park-and-ride” system, etc. The traffic system of the city of Zagreb can be optimized without the construction of new roads by introducing intelligent traffic control with possible organizational changes and introduction of an accompanying system for control and management, thus significantly contributing to the reduction of the pollutants. The best practice, e.g., of the implemented measures of the transport policy on the CIVITAS pattern of 36 European cities, however, clearly suggest development guidelines for urban transport and can be entirely implemented in modelling the development of urban public transport in Croatia

An applicable model for establishing sustainable traffic

Solving transport problems in the cities assumes the implementation of regulatory measures and a complex of technological, operational and economic measures. The improvement of transport conditions in urban areas is a precondition for their sustainable development. Regulative harmonization and regional infrastructure development is a necessary precondition in the integration process and in adopting the best practices in the organization of local (urban) transport. This paper deals with the problems of modelling urban public transport with regard to the principle of the sustainability of transport development, which integrates the objectives of mobility, physical planning and environmental protection in transport policy. The models for the improvement of urban transport in the projects realized are analogously applicable at a regional level. This fact is of great importance for the regulatory harmonization, strategic planning and policy development of urban transport management in Croatia

Air pollution generated by road traffic in the city of Zagreb and measures proposed

The objective of this paper is to analyze the impact of road traffic on air pollution in the city of Zagreb and emphasise the measures to establish sustainable traffic in the city of Zagreb. Due to the large number of vehicles, high percentage of defective vehicles and relatively low speeds (below 80 km/h), the highest effect on air pollution in the city of Zagreb is generated by road vehicles. If air pollution in the city is analyzed from 2001 to 2009 it may be concluded that the biggest problem lies in the pollution by nitrogen oxides, airborne particles and ground-level, which means that taking these pollution parameters into consideration the air was of category II, i.e. moderately polluted. The most endangered city areas are the industrial zones and traffic nodes. Some of the suggestions for decreasing the emission of harmful components in exhaust gasses emissions in Zagreb are: reconstruction of road network (emphasis on intersection), introduction of traffic oriented control, usage of intelligent transport systems for guiding organization of traffic, “park and ride” system, fuel quality improvement etc. In the city of Zagreb there’s a lot of room for improvements in technical, technological and ecological sense. This paper in conclusion offers optimal proposals of measures to establish better air quality and sustainable traffic in the city of Zagreb