Microfluidics and small volume mixing based on redox magnetohydrodynamics methods

Microfluidic channels utilizing magnetohydrodynamics are used to pump very small volumes of solution. The channels have electrodes along the walls of the channel, and a current carrying species within the solution carries the current through the solution. The electric field generated by the use of the current carrying species is perpendicular to a magnetic field applied to the channel. The combination of the electric and magnetic fields causes the solution to flow through the channel

Microfluidics and small volume mixing based on redox magnetohydrodynamics methods

Microfluidic channels utilizing magnetohydrodynamics are used to pump very small volumes of solution. The channels have electrodes along the walls of the channel and a current carrying species within the solution carries the current through the solution. The electric field generated by the use of the current carrying species is perpendicular to a magnetic field applied to the channel. The combination of the electric and magnetic fields causes the solution to flow through the channel

Self-contained microelectrochemical bioassay platforms and methods

Describes methods and devices for improved chemical and biomass detection assays that combine well defined microstructures having independently addressable electrodes with various surface immobilization electrochemical assays. Combining known chemical detection immobilization assays, electrochemically active moieties with microstructures having independently addressable electrodes provides for vastly improved methods of detecting microorganisms, chemical compounds, and measuring membrane transport

Self-contained microelectrochemical bioassay platforms and methods

The present invention relates to a microvolume electrochemical detection assay. More specifically, the present invention relates to microscale structures having an analyte immobilizing surface and at least one electrode separate from the immobilizing surface. The microscale devices are used in conjunction with an immobilization assay that utilizes an electroactive complex to generate a current that may be detected by the electrode. The small volumes and sensitivity of the assays used in conjunction with microstructures provides an extremely rapid detection method having superior sensitivity to existing methods

Electrochemical method for detecting water born pathogens

A novel surface immobilization electrochemical assay that allows for rapid, accurate and highly sensitive detection of microorganisms and biological molecules is described. Known surface immobilization methods are utilized to bind an analyte to a surface. A binding material with a covalently attached electroactive complex generates electrical current in the presence of analyte. An electrode is used to detect the current that is directly related to the concentration of analyte. The invention is especially suitable for detection of Cryptosporidium parvum

The Combination of Epigallocatechin Gallate and <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> P101 Alleviated Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Liver Injury in Mice by Regulating Gut Microbiota

Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is a main active ingredient in tea, but it is difficult for it to be absorbed and utilized by the body, resulting in limited bioactivity. Therefore, we explored the role of probiotics in enhancing the physiological activity of EGCG in a mice model of liver injury. Mice were methodically treated with either a single ingredient or a combination of EGCG and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum P101 (LP.P101) for 21 days, and then administrated with intraperitoneal injection of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) on the last day. As a result, the antioxidative genes were activated and pro-inflammatory genes were suppressed, reducing the oxidative and inflammatory injury of mice, which indicated a better preventive effect of the combination of EGCG and LP.P101 than the single ingredient. Furthermore, 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing revealed the role of gut microbiota played in liver injury mitigation. The combination of EGCG and LP.P101 increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus, Akkermansia and other beneficial bacteria that negatively correlated with inflammation and positively correlated with antioxidation. In conclusion, the combination of EGCG and LP.P101 was more effective than the single ingredient in alleviating liver damage caused by CCl4. Altered gut microbiota may be an important cause

Nano Zinc Oxide Induced Fetal Mice Growth Restriction, Based on Oxide Stress and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress

ZnO NPs have been assessed to show adverse effects on reproductive organs, but the molecular mechanisms of reproductive toxicity have not been sufficiently studied. In this research, the dosage effects from the oral exposure of ZnO NPs (30 nm) to pregnant mice in gestation day 10.5 to 17.5 was analyzed. Pregnant mice exposed to ZnO NPs induced dam injury, mice fetal growth restriction, and the fetus number decreased. The pathological evaluation showed that ZnO NPs exposure caused placental spongiotrophoblast area decease and structural damage. The RT-qPCR and immunocytochemistry data indicated that ZnO NPs could induce placenta oxide stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress responses, apoptosis, and altered placental function. These findings indicated that ZnO NPs could induce dam injury and fetal growth restriction. Reproductive toxicity of ZnO NPs may be due to placental injury and function alteration caused by apoptosis, oxide stress, and endoplasmic reticulum stress after ZnO NPs exposure