Evacuation of SR power from the CLIC damping ring

Absorption of synchrotron radiation (SR) power generated by wigglers of damping rings is a difficult technical task. The CLIC damping ring operates with electron (or positron) beams with energy 2.424 GeV, average beam current is up to 150 mA. The 38 wigglers installed in one straight section of the CLIC damping ring produce radiation with a total power of about 122 kW. Power density at the end of the straight sections is about 75 W per square mm. Such a power density can destroy vacuum chambers, therefore a careful design and placement of appropriate radiation collimators and absorbers is required. In this paper we describe an algorithm to compute SR power density as well as options for safe absorption of SR power. All the calculations were performed for the current design of the CLIC damping ring and wigglers. Some related problems for absorption of high SR power are described

Nutritional value of black solder fly (Hermetia illucens) eggs and larvae reared on fermented milk industry waste as an ingredient of fish feed

Eggs and larvae of the black soldier fly are a new protein and lipid containing component, which seems to be quite promising for inclusion in a diet for fish feeding, since its rearing makes it possible to process wastes from various industries and agriculture. Omnivorous natures of black soldier fly, as well as high activity of amylases, lipases, and proteases are also advantageous. The nutritional value of eggs and larvae reared using fermented milk industry waste as a substrate was assessed by the content of total fat, total protein, water, macronutrients (K, Ca, Mg), micronutrients (Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Co, Se), and by amino acid composition as well. Chemical analysis has shown that the larvae are nutritionally valuable in total, but further data on fatty acid analysis and vitamin content are required. Black soldier fly eggs are not nutritionally valuable as a complete feed but may be used as a component of a diet

Antioxidant activity of freeze-dried Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) ovarian fluid

Ovarian fluid is a mass-production nutritionally valuable byproduct of aquaculture of sturgeons. Total antioxidant activity of freeze-dried pasteurized and non-pasteurized ovarian fluid of Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) was determined to estimate its potential acceptability as an anti-inflammatory and anti-age agent in nutraceuticals. Total antioxidant activity was determined using the certified coulometric measurement method. The value of total antioxidant activity was about 18.6 ± 1.1% of that of a well-known source of antioxidants – tomato fruits, if calculated by dry weight. There was no statistically significant difference between the values of activity for pasteurized and non-pasteurized ovarian fluid, so it is reasonable to pasteurize the fluid for its preservation

Minimizing Emittance for the CLIC Damping Ring

The CLIC damping rings aim at unprecedented small normalized equilibrium emittances of 3.3 nm vertical and 550 nm horizontal, for a bunch charge of 2.6·109 particles and an energy of 2.4 GeV. In this parameter regime the dominant emittance growth mechanism is intra-beam scattering. Intense synchrotron radiation damping from wigglers is required to counteract its effect. Here the overall optimization of the wiggler parameters is described, taking into account state-of-the-art wiggler technologies, wiggler effects on dynamic aperture, and problems of wiggler radiation absorption. Two technical solutions, one based on superconducting magnet technology the other on permanent magnets are presented. Although dynamic aperture and tolerances of this ring design remain challenging, benefits are obtained from the strong damping. For optimized wigglers, only bunches for a single machine pulse may need to be stored, making injection/extraction particularly simple and limiting the synchrotron-radiation power. With a 365 m circumference the ring remains comparatively small

Processo educacional na internet: a dialética do conhecimento e da informação

This article explores the problem of turning information users receive on the Internet into their knowledge. The work aims to find a priority factor that ensures a higher degree of accuracy in turning information from the Internet into human knowledge. It has been shown that the nature of the World Wide Web makes it somewhat difficult to translate information coming to a person into their knowledge. It is concluded that the condition for converting information received by the user on the Internet is the person’s cognitive activity, conditioned by the development of their ideological and value sphere. If a cognizing person has sufficiently developed and stable values and attitudes, then they successfully realize themselves as a developing subject, an active participant in cognition. On the contrary, an insufficiently stable value and attitudinal sphere can lead to a passive perception of information by the individual, adaptation to reality, etc.Este artículo explora el problema de convertir la información que un usuario recibe en Internet en conocimiento y tiene como objetivo encontrar un factor prioritario que garantice mayor grado de precisión en esta conversión. Se ha demostrado que la naturaleza de la World Wide Web hace que sea difícil traducir la información que llega a una persona en conocimiento. Se concluye que la condición para convertir la información que recibe el usuario en Internet es la actividad cognitiva de la persona, condicionada por el desarrollo de su ámbito ideológico y valorativo. Si una persona que conoce tiene valores y actitudes suficientemente desarrollados y estables, entonces se realiza con éxito como un sujeto en desarrollo, un participante activo en la cognición. Por el contrario, un ámbito valorativo y actitudinal insuficientemente estable puede llevar a una percepción pasiva de la información por parte del individuo, adaptación a la realidad, etc.Este artigo explora o problema de transformar as informações que um usuário recebe na Internet em conhecimento. O trabalho visa encontrar um fator prioritário que garanta maior grau de precisão na transformação da informação da Internet em conhecimento humano. Foi demonstrado que a natureza da World Wide Web torna difícil traduzir as informações que chegam a uma pessoa em conhecimento. Conclui-se que a condição para a conversão da informação recebida pelo usuário na Internet é sua atividade cognitiva, condicionada, em primeiro lugar, pelo desenvolvimento de sua esfera ideológica e de valores. Se uma pessoa cognoscente tem valores e atitudes suficientemente desenvolvidos e estáveis, então ela se realiza com sucesso como um sujeito em desenvolvimento, um participante ativo na cognição. Ao contrário, um valor insuficientemente estável e uma esfera atitudinal podem levar a uma percepção passiva da informação pelo indivíduo, adaptação à realidade etc

Evaluation of the

New evaluation of the 93Nb(n,γ)94Nb reaction cross-section important for retrospective reactor dosimetry was carried out. At neutron energies below 7.5 keV the evaluation is based on the experimental data. The results of measurements extracted from the EXFOR library were corrected (when necessary) to new recommended values of monitor reaction cross-sections and decay data. The resonance analysis of the 93Nb(n,γ) and the 93Nb(n,tot) reaction cross-sections was carried out within the Reich-Moore formalism. 48 new resonances were identified as compared to the Mughabghab systematics. In the energy range from 7.5 keV to 20 MeV the evaluation is based on the experimental data and theoretical model calculations. The recommended cross-sections and their covariances in this energy range were evaluated by an approximation of the experimental and calculated values with the PADE2 code. The new evaluation provides, essentially, better agreement with the experimental data and the recommended value of the resonance integral compared to other evaluations