Complexity and Multi-boundary Wormholes

Three dimensional wormholes are global solutions of Einstein-Hilbert action. These space-times which are quotients of a part of global AdS$_{3}$ have multiple asymptotic regions, each with conformal boundary $S^{1}\times\mathbb{R}$, and separated from each other by horizons. Each outer region is isometric to BTZ black hole, and behind the horizons, there is a complicated topology. The main virtue of these geometries is that they are dual to known CFT states. In this paper, we evaluate the full time dependence of holographic complexity for the simplest case of $2+1$ dimensional Lorentzian wormhole spacetime, which has three asymptotic AdS boundaries, using the complexity equals volume (CV) conjecture. We conclude that the growth of complexity is non-linear and saturates at late times.Comment: 14 pages, 3 figure

Complexity and Behind the Horizon Cut Off

Motivated by $T{\overline T}$ deformation of a conformal field theory we compute holographic complexity for a black brane solution with a cut off using "complexity=action" proposal. In order to have a late time behavior consistent with Lloyd's bound one is forced to have a cut off behind the horizon whose value is fixed by the boundary cut off. Using this result we compute holographic complexity for two dimensional AdS solutions where we get expected late times linear growth. It is in contrast with the naively computation which is done without assuming the cut off where the complexity approaches a constant at the late time.Comment: 14 pages, 2 figures, refs added, contribution of a counter term is added, minor correction, the final conclusion is not change

Note on Heisenberg Characters of Heisenberg Groups

An irreducible character χ of a group G is called a Heisenberg character, if Kerχ ⊇ [G,[G,G]]. In this paper, the Heisenberg characters of the quaternion Heisenberg, generalized Heisenberg, polarised Heisenberg and threeother types of infinite Heisenberg groups are computed

Modeling and Simulation of NFC Logical Layer Peer-to-Peer Mode using CPN and TA

Network communication technologies have been growing explosively due to the increasing demand on faster and simpler communication; hence, providing new communication technologies is a challenging task. To make this task easy, many researchers have developed different network modeling and simulation tools with different characteristics. In this paper, simulation of Near Field Communication (NFC) logical layer control protocol is proposed to investigate efficiency of NFC device in peer-to-peer mode. For this purpose, Colored Petri Net (CPN) and Timed Automata (TA) have been used for analyses. According to the results, CPN was better than TA for simulating NFC logical layer control protocol because it could provide more details on complex communication network.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v4i2.515

Small Cell Carcinoma of Bladder; Still A Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenge: Seven Years of Experience and Follow-up in A Referral Center

PURPOSE: To report clinical, histopathological, and treatment features of small cell carcinoma of (SmccB) bladder during 7 years in a referral center. METHODS: The clinical, histopathological features, treatment modalities, and outcome of all patients with bladder SmccB treated between 2009 and 2016 who were managed in Hasheminejad Kidney Center (HKC) were retrospectively collected. RESULTS: Thirteen patients were diagnosed and managed with SmccB. The average age of patients was 64.92 years. For each patient, 8 markers were used for IHC staining on average. Neuroendocrine markers such as CD 56, Neuron Specific Enolase, Synaptophysin, and Chromogranin were found in a significant percentage of patients (69, 38, 54, and 31 respectively). Patients were managed with TURBT alone (N=3), chemotherapy after TURBT (N=4), chemotherapy plus radical surgery (N=4) and radical surgery alone (N=2). The best clinical result was seen in chemotherapy received patients with or without radical surgery. The mean(SE) of survival rate in patients who received only chemotherapy alone was 42.4 (10.0) months, while in those who were managed with chemotherapy plus radical surgery it was 47.7 (10.1) months. CONCLUSION: In our center immunohistochemistry was needed for definitive diagnosis in 17/19 samples. Misdiagnosis happened in two samples without IHC request. We think that use of immunohistochemistry should be mandatory for diagnosis of SmccB to exclude misdiagnosis. Chemotherapy is the most important part of treatment and the addition of radical surgery can slightly improve patients' survival

Human monkeypox: history, presentations, transmission, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention

Human monkeypox is a zoonotic infection that is similar to the diseases caused by other poxviruses. It is endemic among wild rodents in the rainforests of Central and Western Africa, and can be transmitted via direct skin contact or mucosal exposure to infected animals. The initial symptoms include fever, headache, myalgia, fatigue, and lymphadenopathy, the last of which is the main symptom that distinguishes it from smallpox. In order to prevent and manage the disease, those who are infected must be rapidly diagnosed and isolated. Several vaccines have already been developed (e.g., JYNNEOS, ACAM2000 and ACAM3000) and antiviral drugs (e.g., cidofovir and tecovirimat) can also be used to treat the disease. In the present study, we reviewed the history, morphology, clinical presentations, transmission routes, diagnosis, prevention, and potential treatment strategies for monkeypox, in order to enable health authorities and physicians to better deal with this emerging crisis

Complexity and Multi-boundary Wormholes in 2 + 1 dimensions

Abstract Three dimensional wormholes are global solutions of Einstein-Hilbert action. These space-times which are quotients of a part of global AdS3 have multiple asymptotic regions, each with conformal boundary S 1 × ℝ, and separated from each other by horizons. Each outer region is isometric to BTZ black hole, and behind the horizons, there is a complicated topology. The main virtue of these geometries is that they are dual to known CFT states. In this paper, we evaluate the full time dependence of holographic complexity for the simplest case of 2 + 1 dimensional Lorentzian wormhole spacetime, which has three asymptotic AdS boundaries, using the “complexity equals volume” (CV) conjecture. We conclude that the growth of complexity is non-linear and saturates at late times

Study the Effect of Zinc Supplementation on Lipid Profiles, Insulin Sensi-tivity and Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Abstract Background: We are aware of no study evaluating the effects of zinc supplementation on metabolic profiles of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of zinc supplementation on glucose homeostasis parameters in PCOS women. Materials and Methods: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted among 52 women diagnosed with PCOS and aged 18-40 years old. Participants were ran-domly divided into two groups to receive 220 mg zinc sulfate (containing 50 mg zinc) supplements (n=26) or placebo (n=26) per day for 8 weeks. Fasting blood samples were taken at baseline and after 8 weeks of intervention to quantify glucose and insulin. Results: After 8 weeks of intervention, zinc-supplemented patients had reduced fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (-4.3±9.6 vs. +0.5±6.0 mg/dL, p=0.03), serum insulin (-3.0 ± 2.9 vs . + 1.5 ± 8.4 µIU/ml, p=0.01), serum triglycerides levels (-15.6±40.3 vs. +14.5±25.3 mg/dL, p=0.002) and a significant increase in insulin sensitivity (+0.02±0.02 vs. -0.004±0.05, p=0.03) compared with the placebo. Conclusion: Taken together, 220 mg zinc sulfate supplementation per day for 8 weeks among PCOS women had beneficial effects on metabolic profiles