Changing Sovereignty Games and International Migration

In this article, Professor Zolberg argues that today\u27s immigration issues should be analyzed within their historical bases. He follows the formation of the modern State, with particularfo cus on the legal and political meaning of sovereignty as understood in pre-colonial times down to the World War II period. He next identifies several late twentieth century phenomena in Europe and elsewhere, many of which pose serious challenges to long-standing notions of nationhood and citizenship. The author concludes that despite the recent development of borderless markets and communication infrastructures, much remains to be done to build a truly global community

Changing Sovereignty Games and International Migration

In this article, Professor Zolberg argues that today\u27s immigration issues should be analyzed within their historical bases. He follows the formation of the modern State, with particularfo cus on the legal and political meaning of sovereignty as understood in pre-colonial times down to the World War II period. He next identifies several late twentieth century phenomena in Europe and elsewhere, many of which pose serious challenges to long-standing notions of nationhood and citizenship. The author concludes that despite the recent development of borderless markets and communication infrastructures, much remains to be done to build a truly global community

Success and failure of the sociology of culture? Bringing the arts back

This articles brings up the most recent, internal discussions among researchers in the field of the sociology of arts, more precisely the thiking of experts who participated in a forum of culture organized in 2001. In her writing, Vera Zolberg accentuates, overall, the need for sociology of art to retain both its humanistic and scientific roots. She reminds that sociology of culture has developed from the sociology of art in recent decades. Next, she summarizes the tendencies and interests of researchers in the forum, by showing the fluidity of its possibilities and creative capacities. She mentions the most recent production in the field, proving that aesthetic elements play a crucial part in the sociological studies about the arts. According to Vera Zolberg, it is time to bring the arts back

‘Street-level’ agents operating beyond ‘remote control’: how overseas liaison officers and foreign state officials shape UK extraterritorial migration management

Extraterritorial migration management perspectives on how states try to enforce immigration controls beyond their juridical borders are strongly influenced by ‘remote control’ metaphors. This is conceptually limited and outdated. Most research fails to sufficiently acknowledge agency by a destination state's officials acting abroad, foreign states and their officials, when evaluating extraterritorial measures and ‘outcomes’. We study UK liaison officers abroad, specifically, how they see their efforts to implement extraterritorial immigration control through interactions with foreign state officials. Our approach links inter-state relations to the social world of on-the-ground ‘street-level’ interactions between officers abroad and their foreign counterparts. The empirical analysis draws from original interviews and official sources. We compare factors accounting for the UK's activities and perceived ‘outcomes’ across USA, France, Thailand, Egypt and Ghana. Findings show the UK's extraterritorial migration management results from a very long chain of decisions and actions, by foreign and UK state actors, operating at different institutional-levels, with uncontrollable local circumstances abroad. Realising extraterritorial goals depends strongly on liaison officers’ agency, ‘soft power’ over foreign officials and foreign officials’ willingness to cooperate. Meanwhile liaison officers’ ‘feedbacks’ importantly influence Home Office decision-making. Against the simplistic one-way causality of ‘remote control’, this is ‘street-level’ agency beyond ‘remote control’

Die Zukunft der internationalen Migrationsbewegungen

Angesichts der fortbestehenden schroffen Ungleichheit der sozioökonomischen und politischen Bedingungen in einer zunehmend zusammenhängenden Welt und der Verhängung von Zuzugsbeschränkungen durch die entwickelteren Länder, durch die dieser Zustand abgesichert wird, ist ein weiteres Anwachsen des Wanderungsdrucks aus den weniger entwickelten Ländern zu erwarten. Doch ob sich dieser steigende Druck in tatsächliche Wanderungen umsetzt, hängt nicht nur von der Ausreisepolitik der Herkunftsländer, sondern vor allem von der Einwanderungspolitik der potentiellen Aufnahmeländer ab. Dieses Faktum wird auch den Strom der Migranten aus den ehemals realsozialistischen Ländern nach der Liberalisierung des Ausreiserechts definieren. Während die wirtschaftlich motivierte Migration insofern "nachfragebestimmt" ist, sind die Wanderungsströme der Flüchtlinge, die lebensbedrohender Gewalt zu entrinnen suchen, "angebotsgeprägt". Diese vom Umfang her bedeutendere Wanderung richtet sich zumeist auf Nachbarländer, sodaß die zukünftige Süd-Nord-Wanderung auch weiterhin beschränkt bleiben wird. Hinsichtlich der ethischen Frage einer Zuzugsregelung für Migranten und Flüchtlinge lautet die umstrittene Frage, ob sich moralische Berechnungen nur auf die nationale Gemeinschaft gründen oder die gesamte Welt umfassen sollten

PAGANDO PELAS ARTES : DILEMAS NORTE-AMERICANOS EM AÇÃO

This article describes and discusses the problems raised by the need for funding the kinds of art that cannot pay for themselves — serious music and art-museums —, in the context of late twentieth century in the United States. The author conludes that, although the shift from virtually complete state support has not occurred in the countries that are trying to adopt it, the privatization process sets the parameters for change in the form and substance of the arts, as well as in their public.L'article presente et discute les problèmcs soulevés par le besoin de patronnage des arts qui ne se soutiennent pas financièremcnt, — la musique érudite et les musées d’art —, dans le contexte nord-amcricain contemporain. L'auteur conclut que, même si les transformations du patronnage de L'Etat, virtucllement complètes aux Etats-Unis, n'ont pas encore eu lieu dans les pays qui essayent de les adopter, la privatisation établit les paramètres pour le changemcnt de la forme et de la substance des arts, ainsi que de leur public.O artigo descreve e discute os problemas surgidos com a necessidade de patrocínio para artes que não são auto-sustentáveis no contexto dos Estados Unidos atualmente. A autora conclui que, embora a transformação do patrocínio estatal, virtualmente completo ainda não tenha ocorrido em países que estão tentando adotá-lo, a tendência à privatização estabelece os parâmetros para mudanças de forma e substância das artes e de seu público

A cultura de museu e a ameaça à identidade nacional na era do GATT

The article reveals the connections among such apparently disparate expressions as “museum culture”, “national identity” and the GATT, by showing and analysing international art market mecanisms. The main focus is on the differences between Europe and the United States as regards legislation and policies to protect endogeneous art works recognized as forms of representation and preservation of national identity. The author argues that trade agreements such as the GATT will have to face this debate, rather sooner than later.L 'article revèle les liens entre des expressions apparament aussi dissociés que sont la “culture de musée ”, "l ’identité nationale ” et le GATTen analisantle fonctionnement du marché internationale des oeuvres d’art. Son attention se dirige principalemente aux differences entre Europe et Etats Unis en ce quii concerne la legislation et lespolitiques de protection à I ’art endogène comme forme de représentation et preservation de l ’identité nationale. L'argument est que les accords comerciaux comme le GATT devront tenir compte de ce débat dans Tavenir proche.O artigo revela as conexões que pode haver entre termos aparentemente tão disparatados quanto “cultura de museu”, “identidade nacional” e “GATT” ao mostrar e analisar como funciona o mercado de arte internacional. O foco principal é sobre as diferenças entre Europa e Estados Unidos quanto as políticas de proteção à arte endógena como forma de representação e preservação da identidade nacional e argumenta que acordos comerciais como o GATT terão que colocar esta questão em pauta no futuro próxim