Ispitivanje nekih bakterijskih kontaminacija smrznutih gotovih polukuvanih morskih prehrambenih proizvoda u provinciji Alborz u Iranu

Socijalne i ekonomske promene i način života u Iranu uzrokovali su i promene u ishrani. Tako su potrošači sve više skloni konzumiranju svih vrsta gotove hrane (engl. ready–to-eat, RTE), kao što su morski proizvodi. Kontaminacija ovih hraniva psihrofilnim i patogenim bakterijama je opasna i smatra se da ozbiljno ugrožava zdravlje ljudi. Šesdeset devet smrznutih polukuvanih RTE morskih prehrambenih proizvoda trinaest različitih proizvođača (po tri uzorka od svakog tipa proizvoda) kupljeni su između januara i marta 2012. iz supermarket i lanca hipermarketa u provinciji Alborz, a zatim prebačeni do laboratorije za higijenu hrane Islamskog Univerziteta Azad u Karaju. Izvršena je identifikacija i izolacija L. monocytogenes, kao i utvrđivanje broja Staphylococcus aureus i psihrofilnih aerobnih bakterija. Srednja vrednost ± SD (Log10 CFU/g), minimalni i maksimalni broj aerobnih psihrofilnih bakterija i Staphylococcus aureus u svim smrznutim polukuvanim RTE morskim proizvodima iznosili su, redom: 3,79±1,66; 3,59±0,23; 0/0,6/11 i 0/0,6/86 (Log10 CFU/g). Takođe, 26,1% uzoraka bili su kontaminirani sa L. monocytogenes. Izgleda da su RTE morski prehrambeni proizvodi bili izloženi patogenim bakterijama i uzročnicima kvara hrane. Oni predstavljaju pretnju za ljudsko zdravlje. Prema tome, čišćenje, sanitacija opreme i osoblja, odgovarajuća temperatura za vreme i posle prerade i transporta, kao i odgovarajuće skladištenje može da smanji kontaminaciju i brojnost mikroorganizama koji su uzrok kvara namirnica

Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of antibiotic resistance in the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from hospital cockroaches

Abstract Background Cockroaches are one of the most important and frequent insects responsible for harboring, transmission and dissemination of human pathogens in the hospital environment. The present research was done to study the phenotypic and genotypic characterization of antibiotic resistance in the Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from hospital cockroaches. Methods Five-hundred and thirty Periplanets americana and Blattella germanica cockroaches were collected and their gut content and external washing samples were subjected to bacterial isolation. MRSA strains were subjected to disk diffusion and PCR amplification of antibiotic resistance genes. Results Prevalence of MRSA strains in P. americana and B. germanica cockroaches were 52.77 and 43.33%, respectively. External washing samples of P. americana cockroaches had the highest prevalence of MRSA strains (59.57%). MRSA isolates of external washing samples harbored the highest prevalence of resistance against penicillin (100%), ceftaroline (100%), tetracycline (100%), gentamicin (83.33%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (80.55%). MRSA strains isolated from gut content samples harbored the highest prevalence of resistance against penicillin (100%), ceftaroline (100%), tetracycline (100%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (80%) and gentamicin (73.33%). BlaZ, aacA-D, tetK, msrA, dfrA, ermA, gyrA, grlA and rpoB were the most commonly detected antibiotic resistance genes amongst the MRSA strains. Conclusions The present investigation is the first report of the phenotypic and genotypic evaluation of antibiotic resistance in the MRSA strains isolated from P. americana and B. germanica hospital cockroaches. Hospital cockroaches are considered as a potential mechanical vector for MRSA strains

Effects of somatic cell count in subclinical mastitis on raw milk quality in dairy farms of Khuzestan province

Mastitis is an infectious disease that is spread in livestock and can cause cattle mortality. Generally a cow with mastitis has a 15 per cent decrease in milk production. In addition, losses from changes in some components of milk should also be considered. Any change in milk properties can be severe hazard for milk producers, dairy factories and consumers. In this study, the effect of somatic cell count on row milk quality of cows affected by subclinical mastitis was studied. For this purpose 240 milk samples were collected from dairy farms with subclinical mastitis (traditional and industrial) of Khuzestan province in 2014 and their somatic cell count, protein and lipid contact and acidity determined. The mean±SD for somatic cells, acidity, protein and fat were 3.20×105±1.37×105 SCC/ml, 14.50±0.62 D°, 3.12±0.06% and 3.23±0.14% respectively. After statistical analysis, reverse correlation were found between somatic cell count with milk fat and protein. However, direct correlation was observed between range of milk fat and protein (p>0.01). Furthermore the results indicated that the range of acidity in spring and winter, protein and fat in winter and somatic cell in summer and autumn were more than the other seasons. According to statistical analysis, protein percent of milk samples in industrial farms were higher than traditional farms although the range of somatic cells was higher for traditional milk samples ‏)p>0.05) According to the result, it seems that the somatic cell count of milk influences raw milk fat and protein content and acidity

The environmental influences on the bacteriological quality of red and chicken meat stored in fridges

Objective: To investigate the environmental influences on the bacteriological quality of red and chicken meats on fridges. Methods: The environmental health status was determined by reliable and valid researcher-made checklist. Then 264 samples were gathered in two phases (at the entrance and three months later) and examined for total bacteria count, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella spp. Results: The result revealed that the mean of total bacteria count, E. coli and S. aureus densities had significant differences in two steps on chicken and the red meat samples (P < 0.05). Among the environmental factors, sanitary status, temperature and personal hygiene had significant effects on total bacteria count and S. aureus densities in chicken samples (P < 0.05), and between wastewater and solid waste disposal with E. coli density in red meat samples (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The results implied that the bacteriological quality of red and chicken meat fluctuates with environmental status (especially temperature, sanitary status and personal hygiene). Regular control, improving of sanitary health, and staff training are necessary for elimination of bacterial contamination

Production of a functional confectionary cream containing licorice root extract and double coated Lactobacillus plantarum by alginate and malva mucilage

Due to the increasing interest in the healthy foods, in this research, a dietary and functional confectionary cream (DFCC) was produced having licorice powder and encapsulated Lactobacillus plantarum probiotic bacteria. Licorice extract (LE) had a total phenolic content of 1.97 mg/mL, composed mainly of 7 phenolic, flavonoid, and quercetin compounds including gentisic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, luteolin, apigenin, and sinapic acid at the same concentration (20 µg/mL). Incorporation of LE and malva mucilage (MM) resulted in the improvement of physicochemical properties (pH, overrun, syneresis, and texture) of DFCC. The viability of encapsulated probiotics was higher (compared to the free probiotics) in the functional product during 60 days of storage. Sensory evaluation results displayed that the elevated rates of LE (15 %), and MM (15 %) were not favorably accepted by the panelists; however, favorable scores were given to the samples having 10 % LE, 10% MM, and microcapsules