Comparison of body mass index on children with functional constipation and healthy controls

Background: Constipation is one of the most common pediatric disorders, especially in developed population, which categorized to organic or functional (non-organic) constipation. Furthermore, obesity is a growing chronic pediatric problem that could cause any compromise in weight and height. The aim of this study is the evaluation of probable relation between obesity and pediatric functional constipation. Methods: This study was conducted as a case-control investigation on 2-14-years-old children those referred to Baqiyatallah University clinic during 2009-2011. The constipated children with organic causes were excluded. The control group of children was those who had not any disorders affecting on height and weight. Quantitative variables were expressed by mean and standard deviation and the correlation was tested with chi2 through SPSS version 17. Results: A total of 259 children (male 51.7%) consisting 124 cases and 135 controls were enrolled. The mean age in constipated and normal children was 69.47 ± 35.03 and 74.15 ± 39.68, respectively. BMI over 95% in the control group was 11.9% and in the constipated group was 17.7% that the difference was not statistically significant either (P = 0.188). The only significant association was found between obesity and the duration of constipation and also age (P = 0.008, 0.042, respectively). Conclusion: Although we found a significant relationship between duration of constipation and obesity, there was not a clear association between obesity and presence of constipation. Furthermore, we suggest extended cohort or clinical trial study regarding to the regional nutritional and growth patterns to confirm weight decrease or increase the effect on defecation

Pediatric Autoimmune Hepatitis in a Patient Who Presented With Erythema Nodosum: A Case Report

Un commentaire apporté à l'un des billets antérieurs posait une question importante sur laquelle (après une pause estivale, nécessaire, profitable et pourtant... trop courte), il me semble nécessaire de revenir : y avait-t-il une bibliographie récente et exhaustive sur le parlement de Paris ? Excellente et stimulante question. 1 Une bibliographie récente : oui. À l'occasion de la publication de l'ouvrage collectif issu des travaux de notre laboratoire (IHD-C.E.H.J.) : Le Parlement en exil ou ..

Neonatal Ovarian Cyst: A Case Report

Background: Ovarian cysts are the most frequent, prenatally diagnosed intra-abdominal cysts. Prenatal ultrasonography allows diagnosis of ovarian cysts and may suggest antenatal complications. The management of fetal ovarian cysts is still controversial despite the improvement in prenatal diagnosis with ultrasonography. Some studies suggest an aggressive management, while others plead for a conservative one. Case report: We report on the first successfully treated large neonatal ovarian cyst from Iran. She was a normal-term infant with respiratory distress due to the large size of the ovarian cyst diagnosed prenatally. We didn’t find any other related anomaly in the neonate. Conclusion: Neonatal simple ovarian cysts are rare, but may cause complications. Most small simple cysts regress spontaneously; surgical intervention is reserved for complicated or large size ovarian cysts

Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency: Report of Two Family Related Newborn Infants

"nLeukocyte adhesion deficiency type 1 (LAD 1) is an autosomal recessive hereditary disorder resulting from deficiency of CD18, characterized by recurrent bacterial infections. We report two consanguineous patients with Leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 1( LAD1). These two infant boy patients were referred to us, within a short period of time, with the complaints of recurrent infections at the age of 38 and 75 days -old, respectively. Parents of two patients were first cousins and their grandmothers also were first cousins. The history of delayed umbilical cord separation was shown in both patients. Patient 1 had history of omphalitis, conjunctivitis, skin lesion of groin area and abscess formation of vaccination site, and had infective wound of eye-lid at the last admission. Patient 2 had history of omphalitis and soft tissue infection of right wrist at the last admission. Laboratory findings showed marked leukocytosis and low CD18 levels (6.6% in Patient 1 and 2.4 % in Patient 2). In Patient 1 recurrent infections were treated with antibiotic regimens and received bone marrow transplantation but Patient 2 died because of septicemia, generalized edema, ascites and progression to acute renal failure at 4 months of age. Due to considerable rate of consanguineous marriages in parents of Leukocyte adhesion deficiency patients, sequence analysis especially for prenatal diagnosis in subsequent pregnancies and genetic counseling is recommended

Frequency of Multiple Pregnancy and its Complications in Three Educational Hospitals,Tehran

Objective:Multiple pregnancies is a high-risk pregnancy since it is associated with increased perinatal and maternal problems .The aim of our study to determine the frequency of multiple pregnancy and its maternal and perinatal complications. Material & Methods: In a cross -sectional study we assessed 94 multiple pregnancies and 199 neonates in three educational hospitals in Tehran (Baghiyatallah , Najmie and Mahdie) in first half of 2006. The information was collected from hospital registries of mothers and their neonates. Findings: Of 4584 deliveries, 84(1.8%) were twins, 9(0.19%) were triplets and 1(0.02%) was quadruplets. 59 (62.7%) of mothers had preterm labor and 14 (14.8%) had pre-eclampsia. We found discordant birth weigh ≥ 20% in 24 (25.4%) and Twin-To-Twin Transfusion in 3(3.1%) of mothers .174 (87.4%) of all neonates were admitted in neonatal intensive care unit or pediatric department. The frequency of mortality and respiratory distress in neonates were 27 (13.5%) and 107 (53.7 %), respectively.39 (19.5%) of neonates had Apgar scores <7 and seizure was not observed in neonates. 65 (32.6%) of neonates were normal weight (> 2500 gram), 104 (52.4%) low birth weight, 21(10.5%) very low birth weight and 9(4.5%) extremely low birth weight. Hypocalcaemia, hypoglycemia and anemia detected in 45 (22.6%), 24 (12%) and 48 (24.1%) of neonates respectively. Conclusion:Regard to increasing the prevalence of multiple pregnancies, better use of infertility modalities, early diagnosis of the multiple pregnancies, prevention of preterm birth, close fetal surveillance, atraumatic labor and delivery can improve maternal and perinatal outcome

Comparison of the Vitamin D Status of Children Younger and Older Than 2 Years in Tehran: Are Supplements Really Necessary?

peer reviewed[en] BACKGROUND: Vitamin D is a vital lipid-soluble vitamin in the body, helping the growth and development of bones. Vitamin D deficiency in children has several adverse effects. The most important preventative factor is determining the deficiency at an early stage and prescribing vitamin D-containing supplements. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the vitamin D status of children younger and older than 2 years and determine the utility of prescribing vitamin D supplements. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Three hundred healthy children who attended the pediatric clinic for routine assessments were enrolled in this study. Their parents were asked to complete a questionnaire, which included questions about demographics, nutrition, and supplements. Blood levels of vitamin D, calcium, and phosphorus were then measured. RESULTS: The final study consisted of 286 children, 140 males and 146 females, with a mean age of 4.46 ± 2.82 yr. Of these, 218 (76.22%) children, with a mean age of 5.09 ± 2.82 yr, had vitamin D deficiency, and 76 children (23.78%), with a mean age of 2.58 ± 1.88 yr, had normal vitamin D levels (P = 0.001). The mean level of vitamin D was 29.71 ± 14.42 ng/mL in 88 (30.8%) patients up to 2 years and 17.11 ± 14.02 ng/mL in 198 (69.2%) patients older than 2 years (P = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The vitamin D levels of children aged more than 2 years are lower than those of children aged less than 2 years. Thus, prescribing vitamin D-containing supplements in children older than 2 years may be beneficial

Prevalence of Readmission for Hyperbilirubinemia in Healthy Newborns

Objective: The aim of this study was estimation of prevalence of jaundice readmission and observes neonatal jaundice risk factors in singleton infant with birth weight more than 2500 gr. Material & Methods: This study was done among women who delivered a normal singleton infant with birth weight of ≥2500 gr in Najmieh Hospital, Tehran, from 2004-2005. Maternal age, race, blood group and Rh, drug consumption during pregnancy, oxytocin consumption during labour, rupture of membranes together with neonatal sex, weight, maturity, gravity and length of nursery stay were recorded. The infants were followed during neonatal period to see if they were readmitted, and the reason of admission. The prevalence of readmission for neonatal jaundice was assessed and the risk factors for neonatal jaundice were compared between the icteric and non-icteric babies. Findings: The prevalence of readmission because of jaundice was 12.6%. The maternal data recorded from all mother-baby pairs were not significantly different except for maternal race, Rh group and drug consumption during pregnancy. Arab mothers compared with other race groups had more icteric babies (P=0.001). Rh-negative mothers had more icteric infants (17.9%) compared with Rh-positive mothers (12%) (P=0.01). Premature infants were hospitalized significantly more than mature babies (20.3% versus 12.1%, P=0.04). The length of primary nursery stay differed significantly between two groups [mean (SD) 27 (9.8) hours for icterics versus 30 (2.5) hours for non-icterics, P<0.001]. The mean age of readmission was fifth postnatal day. Conclusion: We conclude that infants, especially infants of Arab or negative Rh group mothers and premature babies,discharged early from the nursery should be advised to visit a pediatrician within the next 48-72 hours of birth to avoid complications of severe jaundice

Childhood physical abnormalities following paternal exposure to sulfur mustard gas in Iran: a case-control study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Mustard gas, a known chemical weapon, was used during the Iran-Iraq war of 1980-1988. We aimed to determine if exposure to mustard gas among men was significantly associated with abnormalities and disorders among progenies.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Using a case-control design, we identified all progenies of Sardasht men (exposed group, n = 498), who were born at least nine months after the exposure, compared to age-matched controls in Rabat, a nearby city (non-exposed group, n = 689). We conducted a thorough medical history, physical examination, and appropriate paraclinical studies to detect any physical abnormality and/or disorder. Given the presence of correlated data, we applied Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) multivariable models to determine associations.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The overall frequency of detected physical abnormalities and disorders was significantly higher in the exposed group (19% vs. 11%, Odds Ratio [OR] 1.93, 95% Confidence Interval [CI], 1.37-2.72, P = 0.0002). This was consistent across sexes. Congenital anomalies (OR 3.54, 95% CI, 1.58-7.93, P = 0.002) and asthma (OR, 3.12, 95% CI, 1.43-6.80, P = 0.004) were most commonly associated with exposure. No single abnormality was associated with paternal exposure to mustard gas.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our study demonstrates a generational effect of exposure to mustard gas. The lasting effects of mustard gas exposure in parents effects fertility and may impact child health and development in the long-term.</p