Klavar: From Tablature to Comprehensive Music Notation System

Music students often encounter problems in reading sheet music, because of the complexity of Traditional Music Notation (TMN). Klavar is an alternative music notation system that is simple, intuitive, and easy to learn. Thousands of compositions from many composers are available in Klavar. In its original form, Klavar can be considered as tablature for keyboard instruments. The present paper compares advantages and disadvantages of Klavar and TMN. Subsequently, the author proposes an innovative extension of the Klavar music notation, such that enharmonic notes can be discriminated, and harmonic and melodic lines can be identified. The resulting Klavar20 notation is complete, since it contains all the composer’s information and is therefore useful for all instruments. Further, it is comprehensible—since the score is easy to read—and compatible with all music already published in Klavar. Music educators should familiarize themselves with Klavar20 and stimulate teaching of this notation to students who might otherwise stop taking music lessons

Thin layer flow in rolling element bearings

To extend the service life of rolling element bearings lubricant such as oil or grease is used. In the lubricated contacts between the rollers and the raceways pressures of several GPa can occur. In that case the elastic deformation of the rollers and the raceways has a significant effect on the film thickness and shape. Such contacts are referred to as Elasto-Hydrodynamically Lubricated (EHL) contacts. \ud When the thickness of the lubricant film in an EHL contact is reduced due to insufficient supply of lubricant, it is operating in the so-called starved lubrication regime. This typically occurs in grease lubricated rolling element bearings. As most bearings are lubricated with grease, accurate prediction of the EHL film thickness in starved lubricated rolling element bearings is of great importance.\ud The film thickness in a starved EHL contact is directly related to the thickness of the lubricant layers on the running tracks supplied to the contact. Therefore, accurate models predicting the thickness of these supply layers are a prerequisite to the reliable prediction of the film thickness in rolling element bearings operating in the starved regime. In rolling element bearings the thickness of these supply layers is determined by many effects. In this thesis in particular two effects are modelled: the centrifugal effect and the contact pressure effect. \ud The flow of the liquid layers is effectively modelled using the lubrication approximation. The model is successfully validated experimentally using optical interferometry. It can be used to predict the layer thickness for millions of revolutions and for multiple contacts, without having to solve the starved EHL contact problem for each contact individually

Targeting RAGE in sepsis

The receptor of advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) is a multiligand receptor that upon activation causes sustained activation of multiple inflammatory pathways. Recent evidence, summarized in a review by Bopp and colleagues in this issue of Critical Care, has implicated RAGE as a potential therapeutic target in sepsis. Here, we discuss several open issues that need to be addressed before anti-RAGE strategies can enter the sepsis clinical trial arena