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Integrated Approach To Low Vision Patients
Π‘ΠΏΡΡΠΌΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΌΠ°Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΡΠΎ Π½Π° Π·ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΡΠΎ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎ-Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΠΎΡΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ°Π²Π°Ρ Π΄Π²Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π° Π·ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡ β ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΏΠΎΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠ»Π°Π±ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΄Π°Π½Π΅. Low vision Π΅ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ Ρ Π½ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎ Π·ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ΡΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠ° Π²ΠΈΠ·ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ-ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠΊ ΠΎΡ 6/18 ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π·ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ ΠΏΠΎ-ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΊΠΎ ΠΎΡ 10 Π³ΡΠ°Π΄ΡΡΠ°. Low vision ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΠ° ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΠΊΡ Π½Π° ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄. Π’Π°ΠΊΡΠ² Π΅ΠΊΠΈΠΏ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ²Π° Π³ΡΡΠΏΠ° ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΠΈΡΠΎ ΡΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ low vision ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡ, ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΊ, ΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Π΄Π°Π³ΠΎΠ³, ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π΅Π½ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³.Π¦Π΅Π»ΡΠ° Π΅ Π΄Π° ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ° Π½Π° low vision ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ Π² ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ Π½Π° ΡΠ»Π°Π±ΠΎ Π·ΡΡΡΠΈΠΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΠΈ: 1. Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ·Π΄Π°Π΄Π΅ Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΌ Π·Π° ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ° Π½Π° ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ low vision ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΈ; 2. Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Π²ΡΡΡΠΈ Π°Π½ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ° ΡΡΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π΅Π½ Π²ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊ ΠΈ Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅; 3. Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ·Π΄Π°Π΄Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π» Π·Π° ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ»Π°Π±ΠΎ Π·ΡΡΡΠΈ.ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈ: ΠΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈ, Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ Π²ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ Π·Π° ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠ°, Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ Π°Π½ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ°.ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ: ΠΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ°Π½ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ. ΠΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π½Π° ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠ° ΠΎΡ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈ. Π‘ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° Π½Π° Π΄Π²Π΅ Π°Π½ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΈ.ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠΈ: Π‘Π»Π°Π±ΠΎ Π·ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ Π² 75% Π΄ΠΎ 95% ΠΌΠΎΠ³Π°Ρ Π΄Π° Π±ΡΠ΄Π°Ρ Π·ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈ Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π°. Π’ΠΎΠ²Π° ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π²Π° Π½ΡΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΠ° ΠΎΡ Π²ΡΠ²Π΅ΠΆΠ΄Π°Π½Π΅ Π½Π° Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΌ Π·Π° ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ° Π½Π° ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Π° low vision ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡ. Π Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ±Π²Π° Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°Π±Π»Π΅Π³Π½Π΅ Π½Π° Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π° Π·Π° Π·ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈ Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΌΡΡ Π·Π° ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ Π½Π° ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΡΠΎ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ.ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅: ΠΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ»Π°Π±ΠΎ Π·ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊ ΠΈΠΌΠ° Π²ΡΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎ Π·ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ Ρ
ΠΎΡΠ°, ΡΠΎΠΉ Π΅ Π² ΡΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π° Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»Π΅Π½ ΡΠ»Π΅Π½ Π½Π° ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎ. Π’ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ²Π° ΡΠ° Π½Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ° Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ Π² ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π΅ΠΊΠΈΠΏ. Π’ΠΎΠ²Π° Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ β ΡΠΈΠ»Π½Π° ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π² ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΈ, Π·Π΄ΡΠ°Π²Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΠΈΡΠ΅.Introduction: Judging by the reduction in vision of the better seeing eye with optic correction, there are two types of visual deficits - blindness and poor vision. A low vision person is an individual who has a vision of less than 6/18 and a field of vision less than 10 degrees even after treatment and correction. Low vision patients are subject to an interdisciplinary approach. Such an integrated care team can be defined as a group of medical professionals. It would include an ophthalmologist, who is a low vision specialist, optometrist and optician, pediatrician, social worker and psychologist.Aim: The aim of this article is to clarify the main role of the ophthalmologists, who are low vision specialists in the integrated approach of patients with low vision.Tasks: 1. To create a work algorithm for the low vision specialists; 2. To conduct a survey using a questionnaire and summarize the results; 3. To create an integrated approach model for patients with impaired vision.Materials: We have used literary sources, normative documents as well as the results of a conducted survey.Methods: The method used is a combination between quantitative and qualitative methods.Results: A total of 75% to 95% of the low vision patients can be visually rehabilitated with optical correction. In order to begin a visual rehabilitation, it is necessary to take into account the degree of reduction of vision and the visual reserves. All this justifies the need of introducing a work algorithm for the low vision specialist. This algorithm should emphasize on the types of ophthalmic rehabilitation aid as well as determine the required enhancement of the aid devices.Conclusion: One thing is certain if low vision individuals have opportunities for education as sighted persons, they would be able to develop their potential and be useful members of the society. This is the main goal of the interdisciplinary team when working with visually impaired patients. This is the model of an integrated approach a strong connection between individual professionals and a collaboration between institutions