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    Integrated Approach To Low Vision Patients

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    Бпрямо Π½Π°ΠΌΠ°Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎ Π½Π° Π·Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎ-Π΄ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π΅ Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΄Π°Ρ‰ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΠΎ слСд корСкция сС Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π°Π²Π°Ρ‚ Π΄Π²Π° основни Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π° Π·Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ Π΄Π΅Ρ„ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ‚ – слСпота ΠΈ слабо Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΄Π°Π½Π΅. Low vision Π΅ Π»ΠΈΡ†Π΅ с ниско Π·Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΊΠΎΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠ° визус Π΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΈ ΠΈ слСд Π»Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ корСкция ΠΏΠΎ-малък ΠΎΡ‚ 6/18 ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π·Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ ΠΏΠΎ-ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΊΠΎ ΠΎΡ‚ 10 градуса. Low vision ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‚Π΅ са ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ Π½Π° интСрдисциплинарСн ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄. Вакъв Π΅ΠΊΠΈΠΏ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π²Π° Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠ° спСциалисти, ΠΊΠΎΠΈΡ‚ΠΎ сподСлят ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰ΠΈ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΈ ΠΎΡ„Ρ‚Π°Π»ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ low vision спСциалист, оптомСтрист ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΊ, Ρ‚ΠΈΡ„Π»ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Π΄Π°Π³ΠΎΠ³, социалСн Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΈΠΊ ΠΈ психолог.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ‚Π° Π΅ Π΄Π° изясни ролята Π½Π° low vision спСциалиститС Π² интСгрирания ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ Π½Π° слабо зрящиЗадачи: 1. Π΄Π° сС създадС Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΡŠΠΌ Π·Π° Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π° Π½Π° ΠΎΡ„Ρ‚Π°Π»ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ‚Π΅ low vision спСциалисти; 2. Π΄Π° сС ΠΈΠ·Π²ΡŠΡ€ΡˆΠΈ Π°Π½ΠΊΠ΅Ρ‚Π° със спСциалСн Π²ΡŠΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊ ΠΈ Π΄Π° сС обобщят Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‚Π΅; 3. Π΄Π° сС създадС ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π» Π·Π° ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π³Ρ€ΠΈΡ€Π°Π½ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ слабо зрящи.ΠœΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈ: Π›ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΈΡ†ΠΈ, Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΡƒΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ Π²ΡŠΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡΠΈΡ‚Π΅ Π·Π° слСпотата, Π½ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈ ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΈ ΠΎΡ‚ Π°Π½ΠΊΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚Π°.ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ: ΠšΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ€Π°Π½ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ количСствСни ΠΈ качСствСни ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ. Π˜ΡΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π½Π° информацията ΠΎΡ‚ Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅ ΠΈΠ·Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΈΡ†ΠΈ. БтатистичСски ΠΈ социологичСски ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ° Π½Π° Π΄Π²Π΅ Π°Π½ΠΊΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈ.Основни Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΈ: Π‘Π»Π°Π±ΠΎ зрящитС Π² 75% Π΄ΠΎ 95% ΠΌΠΎΠ³Π°Ρ‚ Π΄Π° Π±ΡŠΠ΄Π°Ρ‚ Π·Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»Π½ΠΎ Ρ€Π΅Ρ…Π°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΡ€Π°Π½ΠΈ с ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΈ срСдства. Π’ΠΎΠ²Π° обосновава Π½ΡƒΠΆΠ΄Π°Ρ‚Π° ΠΎΡ‚ въвСТданС Π½Π° Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΡŠΠΌ Π·Π° Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π° Π½Π° ΠΎΡ„Ρ‚Π°Π»ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Π° low vision спСциалист. Π’ Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ трябва Π΄Π° сС Π½Π°Π±Π»Π΅Π³Π½Π΅ Π½Π° Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ срСдства Π·Π° Π·Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»Π½Π° рСхабилитация ΠΈ Π΄Π° сС ΡƒΡ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΈ Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΡŠΠΌΡŠΡ‚ Π·Π° опрСдСлянС Π½Π° ΡƒΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰Π½ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎ срСдство.Π—Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅: Ако слабо зрящият Ρ‡ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊ ΠΈΠΌΠ° Π²ΡŠΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ‚Π΅ ΠΊΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎ зрящитС Ρ…ΠΎΡ€Π°, Ρ‚ΠΎΠΉ Π΅ Π² ΡΡŠΡΡ‚ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π° бъдС Π½ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Π»Π΅Π½ Ρ‡Π»Π΅Π½ Π½Π° общСството. Π’ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎ към Ρ‚ΠΎΠ²Π° са насочСни усилията Π½Π° участницитС Π² интСрдисциплинарния Π΅ΠΊΠΈΠΏ. Π’ΠΎΠ²Π° Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡŠΡ‚ Π½Π° ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π³Ρ€ΠΈΡ€Π°Π½ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ – силна сплав ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ ΠΎΡ‚Π΄Π΅Π»Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅ профСсионалисти, Π·Π΄Ρ€Π°Π²Π° колаборация ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ институциитС.Introduction: Judging by the reduction in vision of the better seeing eye with optic correction, there are two types of visual deficits - blindness and poor vision. A low vision person is an individual who has a vision of less than 6/18 and a field of vision less than 10 degrees even after treatment and correction. Low vision patients are subject to an interdisciplinary approach. Such an integrated care team can be defined as a group of medical professionals. It would include an ophthalmologist, who is a low vision specialist, optometrist and optician, pediatrician, social worker and psychologist.Aim: The aim of this article is to clarify the main role of the ophthalmologists, who are low vision specialists in the integrated approach of patients with low vision.Tasks: 1. To create a work algorithm for the low vision specialists; 2. To conduct a survey using a questionnaire and summarize the results; 3. To create an integrated approach model for patients with impaired vision.Materials: We have used literary sources, normative documents as well as the results of a conducted survey.Methods: The method used is a combination between quantitative and qualitative methods.Results: A total of 75% to 95% of the low vision patients can be visually rehabilitated with optical correction. In order to begin a visual rehabilitation, it is necessary to take into account the degree of reduction of vision and the visual reserves. All this justifies the need of introducing a work algorithm for the low vision specialist. This algorithm should emphasize on the types of ophthalmic rehabilitation aid as well as determine the required enhancement of the aid devices.Conclusion: One thing is certain if low vision individuals have opportunities for education as sighted persons, they would be able to develop their potential and be useful members of the society. This is the main goal of the interdisciplinary team when working with visually impaired patients. This is the model of an integrated approach a strong connection between individual professionals and a collaboration between institutions
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