Identification of the glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) gene family in wheat and its expression profiling analysis under different stress treatments

Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) catalyses the interconversion of glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) and dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP), and plays key roles in different developmental processes and stress responses. GPDH family genes have been previously investigated in various plant species, such as Arabidopsis, maize, and soybean. However, very little is known in GPDH family genes in wheat. In this study, a total of 17 TaGPDH genes were identified from the wheat genome, including eight cytosolic GPDHs, six chloroplastic GPDHs and three mitochondrial GPDHs. Gene duplication analysis showed that segmental duplications contributed to the expansion of this gene family. Phylogenetic results showed that TaGPDHs were clustered into three groups with the same subcellular localization and domain distribution, and similar conserved motif arrangement and gene structure. Expression analysis based on the RNA-seq data showed that GPDH genes exhibited preferential expression in different tissues, and several genes displayed altered expression under various abiotic stresses. These findings provide the foundation for further research of wheat GPDH genes in plant growth, development and stress responses

A fast approach for acoustic source localization on a thin spherical shell

Thin spherical shell structures are wildly used as pressure vessels in the industry because of their property of having equal in-plane normal stresses in all directions. Since very large pressure difference between the inside and outside of the wall exists, any formation of defects in the pressure vessel wall has a huge safety risk. Therefore, it is necessary to quickly locate the area where the defect maybe located in the early stage of defect formation and make repair on time. The conventional acoustic source localization techniques for spherical shells require either direction-dependent velocity profile knowledge or a large number of sensors to form an array. In this study, we propose a fast approach for acoustic source localization on thin isotropic and anisotropic spherical shells. A solution technique based on the time difference of arrival on a thin spherical shell without the prior knowledge of direction-dependent velocity profile is provided. With the help of “L”-shaped sensor clusters, only 6 sensors are required to quickly predict the acoustic source location for anisotropic spherical shells. For isotropic spherical shells, only 4 sensors are required. Simulation and experimental results show that this technique works well for both isotropic and anisotropic spherical shells.Science and Technology Research Planning Project of Education Department of Jilin Province, ChinaImmediate accessThis item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at [email protected]

A Compact MIMO Antenna with Inverted C-Shaped Ground Branches for Mobile Terminals

A compact printed MIMO antenna for mobile terminals is presented. With two planar antenna elements, the −6 dB impedance bandwidth of 2.32 GHz (1.48–3.8 GHz) is obtained, which covers GSM 1800/1900, UMTS, WLAN, Wimax, S-band, and most of LTE bands. Each antenna element with a small occupation of 15 × 20 mm2 consists of a driven strip and a shorted strip. Two inverted C-shaped ground branches are introduced between two elements to improve the isolation. The simulated results are studied and the measured results show that high isolation of more than 18 dB at the entire operating band is achieved. Meanwhile, the impedance performance is also improved by adding the branches. Furthermore, the measured radiation performances and envelope correlation coefficient also demonstrate that the proposed antenna could be a good candidate for mobile terminals

Research Progress and Development Trends of Acoustic Metamaterials

Acoustic metamaterials are materials with artificially designed structures, which have characteristics that surpass the behavior of natural materials, such as negative refraction, anomalous Doppler effect, plane focusing, etc. This article mainly introduces and summarizes the related research progress of acoustic metamaterials in the past two decades, focusing on meta-atomic acoustic metamaterials, metamolecular acoustic metamaterials, meta-atomic clusters and metamolecule cluster acoustic metamaterials. Finally, the research overview and development trend of acoustic metasurfaces are briefly introduced

A health monitoring technique for spherical structures based on multi-acoustic source localization

Multi-acoustic source localization (MASL) technique has important applications in the early warning and maintenance of spherical structures. Without solving complex nonlinear equations and without knowing the wave velocity distribution a priori, this work demonstrates the feasibility of MASL on the surface of spherical structures using L-shaped sensor clusters. The positions of multiple acoustic sources can be localized using only time difference of arrival values. Relative location determination and relative probability density analysis have been presented and verified to eliminate two types of pseudo-sources. Simulations are performed for isotropic and anisotropic spherical shells. The proposed technique is validated experimentally for stainless steel spherical shells. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed technique can enable MASL in spherical structures without knowing the wave velocity in the material.the Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province of ChinaImmediate accessThis item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at [email protected]

Research on sound absorption performance and optimal design of acoustic materials containing cavity structure

Based on the finite element method, this paper first discusses the sound absorption characteristics of acoustic materials with a cavity structure backed by air, and then takes the internal cavity of the acoustic material and the acoustic material as the research object, considering the sound waves of different frequencies and different incident angles. The maximum sound absorption coefficient is used as the objective function to optimize the design of the cavity acoustic material. The calculation results show that the sound absorption performance of the optimized acoustic material has been significantly improved

Study on flow noise characteristics of Bionic cylinder based on acoustic analogy

The drag and noise reduction of the flow around a cylinder is one of the important topics in hydrodynamics and acoustics. In this paper, three typical bionic cylinders are designed based on the serrated structure on the surface of shark skin. Using Large eddy turbulence model and Lighthill’s acoustic analogy method, the flow noise characteristics of smooth cylinder and three kinds of bionic cylinders at different Reynolds numbers were compared, and the structure of cylinder surface was optimized. The results show that the main source of the flow noise around a cylinder is dipole noise, which is caused by the periodic fluctuating pressure on the cylinder surface.The bionic cylinder can reduce the amplitude of the fluctuating pressure, improve the wake flow field and reduce the wake vorticity, so as to reduce the noise. Among the three kinds of bionic cylinder, V-shaped bionic cylinder has the best noise reduction effect, and the critical value of S/H of V-shaped cylinder is about 2.5. When s / h > 2.5, V-shaped bionic cylinder has no effect of noise reduction

Measurement of reflection coefficient for a double-layered scaled model using the inverse filter

A method of measuring the reflection coefficient for a double-layered scaled model using the inverse filter is presented. First, the response of the circuit and underwater acoustical channel is measured, and the retransmitted inverse signal isestimated with the least square method for solving the cost function, which is constructed by the inverse filtering theory. Then, by retransmitting the inverse signal, the incident signal at the position of the double-layered scaled model is focused with high-main-lobe resolution, low side-lobelevel and a narrow pulse signal in temporal domain. The focus improves the measurement accuracy of the reflection coefficient for the double-layered scaled model in low frequencies. The feasibility of replacing the whole cylindrical with the double-layered scaled model is verified by simulation. The validity of the proposed method is verified by experiments carried out in a cylindrical tank for a double-layered scaled model at the frequency 0.5 kHz~10 kHz. The experimental results show that the proposed method is effective to the measurement of the reflection coefficient for the double-layered scaled model.The experimental results for the double-layered scaled model with acoustical coating on different shells have strongly directive significance for the process design and improvement of the acoustical coating

Logging identification for the Lower Cambrian Niutitang shale reservoir in the Upper Yangtze region, China: A case study of the Cengong block, Guizhou Province

Currently, China has achieved a breakthrough in the Lower Silurian Longmaxi shale in Sichuan Basin and its surrounding areas. Compared to the Longmaxi shale, the Lower Cambrian Niutitang shale, which has a greater deposition thickness and wider distribution area, is another significant stratum for China's shale gas. Geophysical well logging is one of the most significant methods used for identification and evaluation of shale gas reservoirs throughout the process of shale gas exploration and development. In this paper, the logging response of the Niutitang shale is summarized to “four high and four low”, this was determined through a comparative analysis of three shale gas wells in the Cen'gong block. The Geochemical logging (GEM) data shows that as the depth goes deeper the content of Si (quartz) increases and the content of Al, Fe, K (Potassium), and Clay minerals decreases. In addition, the Niutitang shale mainly has the feature of a single peak or two continuous peaks in T2 spectrum on the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) logging response. This has a longer T2 time and greater amplitude than normal shales. The logging response of various lithology and preservation is summarized by overlapping and a cross-plot analysis with the spectral gamma-ray, resistivity, density, acoustic, and compensated neutron logging data, which are sensitive to organic-rich shales. Moreover, the resistivity and acoustic logging data are sensitive to gas content, fluid properties, and preservation conditions, which can be used as indicators of shale gas content and preservation