“Attractive Danube” – Improving Capacities for Enhancing Territorial Attractiveness of the Danube Region

Since the launching of the European Observation Network for Territorial Development and Cohesion (ESPON) programme in 2002, as the initiative for territorial monitoring of the EU Cohesion Policy implementation and results evaluation against the European Spatial Development Perspective (ESDP) goals, the number, variation and specialization of the territorial monitoring systems for development policies implementation in Europe have been growing stadily. And, although these territorial monitoring systems are differening among themselves in respect to the specific goals they are aspiring and/or territorial units they are using for analyses, common for all of them is support to the vision of cohesive, smart and sustainable territorial development throughout EU and its cross-border regions up till 2020. The purpose of this paper is to present the Attractive Danube project, which aim is to build a territorial monitoring system to support the transnational territorial attractiveness policy priorities identification, implementation and evaluation within the Danube Region. Implementing in period 2017-2019 under the Interreg’s Danube Transnational Cooperation (DTP) programme, this project has a goal to improve the transnational governance and institutional capacities of 11 countries (Slovenia, Hungary, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Germany, Bulgaria, Romania, Serbia, Croatia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina) to enhance their competitive advantages by the better understanding and management of the national social, economic and environmental development potentials within the Danube macroregion. Thus, in this paper, after the Attractive Danube project’s background, aim, goals and methodology description, the territorial attractiveness concept, indicators and monitoring tool would be presented. Afterwards, the approach to improvement of stakeholders’ capacities for the territorial attractiveness understanding and management as well as national and transnational policies integration is described. Finally, along with the information on current project status and planned activities in future, conclusions on the expected project’s outcomes is made

Genetic Factors Underlying Susceptibility to Acute Pyelonephritis and Post-infectious Renal Damage

Chapter of the book "Recent Advances in the Field of Urinary Tract Infections" [https://doi.org/10.5772/46044

To the Environmental Responsibility among Students through Developing their Environmental Values

AbstractThis research explores interconnection between environmental values and environmental responsibility among young people. Basic question of this study was whether and to which degree the environmental values influence the development of the environmental responsibility? By answering on this question, we want to provide guidelines for educational activities in schools which aim to develop environmental awareness among the young people of Serbia. The survey covered a sample of 252 students from primary and secondary government schools from Belgrade. Students were tested on a five point Likert type scales which examined environmental responsibility and environmental values. To assess the reliability and validity of the scales standard statistical procedures were used. The results of our study confirmed positive linear dependence between environmental values and environmental responsibility. On the basis of students’ environmental values 48% of their environmental responsibility can be predicted On the basis of our results, it is possible to conclude that students who believe that efficient functioning of society and the survival of life on the Earth is unimaginable without environmental protection, display desirable attitudes towards environmental responsibility. The obtained results may help to identify future directions of formal education activities regarding the improvement of personal environmental responsibility among young people

EFFECT OF POWDER SYNTHESIS ON CRYSTAL AND MICROSTRUCTURE OF BaTiO3

Barium titanate (BaTiO3) has been used in many applications such as multilayer capacitors, piezoelectric ceramics, transducer devices, PTC resistor and has become one of the most important ferroelectric ceramics. It is used extensively in ceramic capacitors, due to its high dielectric constant and low loss characteristics. Barium titanate was prepared by two methods, polymeric organometallic precursors process and mechanochemicaly. X ray and SEM were used for caracterization of powders and sintered samples. In both ways of synthesis the formation of cubic phase is obtained. It can be observed that in the case of Pechini process BaTiO3 powder is well crystallized but in the case of mechanochemically process, significant amount of amorphous phase was detected. The sintered samples at 1300'C for 2h, prepared by Pechini process, shows the formation of tetragonal phase. The morphology of the powders consists of particles and its agglomerates, their dimensions depend of the synthesis method. The powder prepared mechanochemicaly posses more agglomerates. The particles are bigger and with irregular shape. Average particle size is about 100 nm and 250 nm for Pechini and mechanochemical process, respectively. In sintered samples, prepared by Pechini process, at 1300oC for 2h is observed two types of domain configuration. The wall thickness ranges from 0.08 pm up to 0.14 pm and from 0.14 Fm up to 0.17 pm for 90' and 180'domains respectably. The domain width is around 0.20 micron for both types of domains

PROPERTIES OF LANTHANUM DOPED BARIUM TITANATE PRODUCED FROM NANOPOWDERS

As a first discovered ferroelectric ceramic, barium titanate has become one of the most extensively investigated ceramic materials used in electronics. For many years, A- and B-site dopants have been used to modify the electrical properties of BaTiO3. in this paper, barium titanate doped with 0.3 mol% of lanthanum and sintered at different sintering times was investigated. Doped barium titanate nanopowder was prepared by doping pure barium titanate starting from citrate solutions of all components: barium, titanium and lanthanum. Experimental procedure was given in detail in previous reports. Obtained powders were pressed in to pellets and sintered at 1300 "C for 2 and 16h in air atmosphere. The formation of phase and crystal structure of BaTiO3 was carried out by XRD analysis. Microstructural properties such as grain size distribution and morphology of sintered samples were determined using scanning electron microscope. Measurement of dielectric constant and dielectric losses was provided in the frequency range of 20 to 106 Hz. The variation of the dielectric constant with temperature was measured in temperature interval from 20 to 180 oC. . The XRD analysis of doped barium titanate indicates the formation of tetragonal phase in samples sintered at both sintering times. Lanthanum has an influence on grain growth and shape of grains in doped barium titanate [2]. It was detected that the grain-size also depends on sintering time. It can be notified the effect of lanthanum and sintering time on dielectric constant. Lanthanum also has influence on decreasing the Curie temperature of barium titanate. No frequency dependence of dielectric constant,was detected

EFFECT OF LANTHANUM ON MICROSTRUCTURE OF BaTiO3: PREPARED BY POLYMERIC PRECURSORS METHOD

Due to its high dielectric constant and low loss characteristics, barium titanate has been used in many applications, such as capacitors, piezoelectric devices, positive temperature coelficient thermistors, semiconductors and etc. Doping of BaTi03 ceramics very irnportant for obtaining very interesting characteristics for various apptications . In this paper it was investigated the effect of doping BaTio3 with La microstructure of BaTiO3 ceramics.. Powders of pure barium titanate and barium titanate doped with 0.3 mol %oLa. in the presence of small amount of manganese (0.01 mol% Mn), were prepared by polymeric precursors method through Pechini proccss (soft chemistry) which was carried out as a three stage process from organometallic complex. Synthesized powders were pressed into pallets using a cold isostatic press. Sintering was perfomed at 1300 C for 8h (Lenton furnace, UK). The heating rate was 10'C/min, liith nature cooling in air atmosfere [2] The X-ray results of samples sintered at 1300 C for 8h prepared fiom pure BaTiO3 powder arld doped BaTiO3 are given on Fig.1. and Fig.2., respectively. It. was approwed that. pure and doped BaTi03 were lornted as tetragonal crystal structurc

MICROSTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT OF Bi4Ti3O12 AND BaBi4Ti4O15 CERAMICS PREPARED BY MECHANOCHEMICAL SYNTHESIS

Scveral bismuth-layered crystal structure and their properties have been investigated- in detail. However, a lot of aspects of the preparation and properties of barium bismuth titanate unexplored, whereas being promising candidate for memory applications. In present work barium-bismuth titanate (BaBi4Ti4O15-BBT) was prepared from stoichiometric, quantities of barium titanate and bisrnuth titanate obtained via mechanochemical synthesis. Barium titanate (BaTi3O12:-BT) has been synthesised from michture of BaO and Tio2 and bismuth titanate (Bi4Ti3O12-BIT) was prepared starting frorn Bi2O3 and TiO2 commercially available. Mechanochemical synthesis was performed in air atmosphere in , planetary ball mill, for BT during 60 min and for BIT during 360 min. Milling condition were: zirconium oxide jars and zirconium oxide balls, ball-to-powder weight ration 20:1 and determined basic disc and disc with jars rotation speed. The powder mixture of BT and BIT was homogenized for 30 min and after that sintered at 1100"C for 4h. Separatly, BIT was sintered at 1000 C for 12h, in both cases without pre-calcination step and by conventional sintering technique. The Fig. I. shows the phase formation and crystal structure of BIT, BT and mixture of this powders. Pattern of BBT powder sintered at 1100.c for 4h was analysed by XRD analysis revealing the existence of tetragonal phase (Fig. 2.). The morphology of obtained powders was examined by SEM and TEM method (Fig. 3. and Fig. 4.). It can be conclude that pattern of BIT consists of nanoparticles which size is less than 20 nm. Mixture of BIT and BT consists of agglomerates of varying size and morphology which size is about 250 nm. The microstructure development of BIT and BBT ceramics was followed by SEM. From Fig 5. and Fig. 6. it can be observed that BIT consists of plate-like grains but in the case of BBT beside plate-like grains exist and spheric grains, also' It is evident addition leads to the change in the microstructure development

EFFECT OF SYNTHESIS METHOD ON BaTiO3 PROPERTIES

Barium titanate (BaTiO3) has been of practical interest for more than 60 years because of its attractive properties. BaTiO3 can be prepared using different methods. It was detected a significant influence of used method on structure and properties of barium titanate materials. In this paper powder of BaTiO3 was prepared by two methods. The first one was synthesis from polymeric precursors through Pechini process (soft chemistry-PPM) which was carried out as a three–stage process from oganometallic complex [1]. The second one was a mechanochemical synthesis from powder mixture of BaO and TiO2 [2]. In both cases BaTiO3 was sintered for 2h at 1300oC without pre-calcination step. The formations of phase and crystal structure of BaTiO3 prepared by both methods were carried out by XRD analysis. The morphology and microstructure of obtained powders and sintered samples were examined by SEM method. The XRD results of powders obtained by both methods indicate the formation of cubic phase of BaTiO3 and tetragonal phase in sintered samples. BaTiO3 powder prepared by PPM was well crystallized but significant amount of amorphous phase was detected for other method. SEM micrographs indicate that the morphology of the powders consists of particles and its agglomerates and their dimensions depend of the synthesis method. The powder prepared mechanochemically possesses higher number of agglomerates, particles are bigger and with irregular shape. Average particle size is about 100 nm and 250 nm for Pechini and mechanochemical process, respectively. Two types of domain configuration were observed in samples sintered at 1300oC for 2h and prepared from powders obtained by PPM

The improvement of environmental performances by applying ISO 14001 standard: A case study

This paper presents the analysis of the advantages of applying ISO 14001 system in an environmental protection management system. The environmental protection management system which is not licensed, i.e., compatible with the principles and standard pre-conditions considerably increases the plausibility for ecological risk. There are some issues that remain to be solved in the areas which are not expressed by financial values only but also have a non-financial character with the aim of expanding markets, company image improvement and improvement of the environmental performance indicators. By improving a company’s environmental management system efficiency we expect to achieve the minimization and elimination of damaging influences on the environment which are the consequence of company’s activities. A case study in the Oil Refinery Belgrade (RNB) analyses the implementation of the standard ISO 14001:2004 into its environment protection management system, particularly emphasizing the company’s own way of evaluating the environment aspects with the aim of establishing results of ecological performances indicators improvement. The average values of the first ecological indicator of the plant, the total amount of the waste waters in m3 per a ton of product, clearly show the downturn trend, which is confirmed by the proportional reduction of the second ecological plant indicator, that is by the flocculants consumption (Al2(SO4)3, Na2CO3) in kg per m3 of the waste water of the Oil Refinery of Belgrade for the given period 2008-2010. Case study RNB confirms the improvement of environmental performances using the ISO 14001 standard