Smanjenje bolesti ozimog stočnog graška u združenoj setvi u polju

A field experiment was conducted at the experimental field of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad to investigate the effect of forage winter pea and winter oat intercropping on ascochyta blight and powdery mildew infections. Seeding rations of pea and oat in Treatment 1 (50:50%) and Treatment 2 (75:25%, respectively) reduced ascochyta leaf infection by 32.5% and 12.8%, and powdery mildew infection by 12.3% and 17.5%, respectively, compared to pea monoculture used as a control (Treatment 3). The same seeding rations in Treatment 1 and 2 reduced ascochyta blight on pea plants by 37.2% and 18.3%, respectively. However, there were no significant differences between the treatments in reducing powdery mildew on plants. The effects of different treatments on the average number of pods per plant, seed per pod, shriveled pods and seed weight were analyzed using Spearman’s correlation coefficient. Negative but not statistically significant effects on those measured parameters were registered in Treatments 2 and 3, while Treatment 1 showed positive effects on all parameters except shriveled pods. According to all data obtained in this research, the intercropping mixture of pea and oat at 50:50% seeding ratio had the best effect on the measured parameters while the intercropping mixture of pea and oat at 75:25% seeding ratio had low to moderate effect in comparison with pea monocrop.Poljski ogled je postavljen na oglednom polju Instituta za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo u Novom Sadu kako bi se istražio uticaj smeše ozimog stočnog graška i ozimog ovsa na pojavu antraknoze i pepelnice. Smeše graška i ovsa u Tretmanu 1 (50:50%) i Tretmanu 2 (75:25%) smanjile su antraknozu lista za 32.5% i 12.8%, a pepelnicu za 12.3% i 17.5% u odnosu na monokulturu graška, koja je uzeta za kontrolu (Tretman 3). Navedene smeše u Tretmanima 1 i 2 su smanjile pojavu antraknoze celih biljaka za 37.2% i 18.3%. Međutim, između tretmana nije uočena značajnija razlika u pojavi pepelnice na celoj biljci graška. Uticaj tretmana na prosečan broj mahuna po biljci, šturih mahuna po biljci, zrna po mahuni i mase semena analizirani su Spearman-ovim koeficijentom korelacije. Negativne ali ne statistički značajne korelacije sa merenim parametrima su registrovane u Tretmanima 2 i 3, dok je Tretman 1 imao pozitivan efekat na merene parametre sa izuzetkom šturih mahuna. Prema dobijenim rezultatima u sprovedenom istraživanju, združena setva ozimog stočnog graška i ozimog ovsa u smeši 50:50% je imala najbolji efekat na istraživane parametre dok je združeni usev graška i ovsa u smeši 75:25% imao slab do srednji uticaj u poređenju sa kontrolom, odnosno monokulturom graška

Does a mixture of pea varieties with different leaf morphology improve crop performance?

Crop diversification in space and time is a key component in the design of resource -efficient cropping systems with reduced dependency on synthetic inputs. A well - known example of crop diversification is the practice of intercropping, i.e. growing two or more crops together in the same field. Intercropping grain legumes and cereals in low-input systems makes use of complementary acquisition of light, water and nutrients to enhance the crop’s resource use efficiency and competitiveness against weeds. Within-species diversification in variety mixtures may also increase yield stability, via e.g. complementary tolerance to abiotic or biotic stress. As part of the European LEGATO project, our study has investigated whether a mixture of pea (Pisum sativum L.) varieties with two types of leaf morphology can increase the legume crop’s standing ability and competitiveness against weeds. The pea varieties Dukat (normal-leafed) and Partner (semi-leafless) were grown as single varieties and variety mixtures with and without a wheat intercrop in field experiments at four locations in Europe: Serbia (Novi Sad), Sweden (Alnarp) and France in central (close to Paris) and southern (Toulouse) regions. Lodging, weed biomass and crop/intercrop grain yields were recorded during two growing seasons per location. The results showed that a variety mixture of pea can combine the beneficial traits of the single varieties with maintained legume grain yield relative to the highest-yielding variety. However, the benefits in terms of weed reduction and standing ability were not as strong in variety mixtures as in pea-wheat intercrops, which remained the most efficient mixtures