The burden of childhood atopic dermatitis in the primary care setting: a report from the Meta-LARC Consortium

Background: Little is known about the burden of AD encountered in U.S. primary care practices and the frequency and type of skin care practices routinely used in children. Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of AD and allergic comorbidities in children 0-5 years attending primary care practices in the U.S. and to describe routine skin care practices used in this population. Design: A cross-sectional survey study of a convenience sample of children under the age of 5 attending primary care practices for any reason. Setting: Ten primary care practices in five U.S. states.Results: Amongst 652 children attending primary care practices, the estimated prevalence of ever having AD was 24 % (95% CI= 21-28) ranging from 15% among those under the age of one to 38% among those aged 4- 5 years. The prevalence of comorbid asthma was higher among AD participants compared to those with no AD, 12% and 4%, respectively (p less than 0.001). Moisturizers with high water:oil ratios were most commonly used (i.e., lotions) in the non-AD population, whereas moisturizers with low water:oil content (i.e. ointments) most common when AD was present. Conclusions: Our study found a large burden of AD in the primary care practice setting in the U.S. The majority of households reported skin care practices in children without AD that may be detrimental to the skin barrier such as frequent bathing and the routine use of moisturizers with high water: oil ratios. Clinical trials are needed to identify which skin care practices are optimal for reducing the significant risk of AD in the community

Teachers, schools and society : A Brief introduction to education

xvi, 403 {35} p. : ill.; 28 c

Teachers, schools, and society

xxiv, 473 p. : col. ill. ; 26 cm

Teachers, Schools, and Society

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Teachers, Schools, and Society

he most reader friendly text in its field, the ninth edition presents a comprehensive overview of education in America. It provides in-depth commentary on educational history, philosophy, and governance, while giving special attention to current critical topics such as the changing federal role in educational finance. Newly revised for this edition, Chapter 4 (Life in School and at Home) now includes obesity, eating disorders, and a revised section on poverty. A major revision of Chapter 5, now titled Reforming America\u27s Schools, includes updates from the stimulus plan based on new reports on federal programs and new funding formulas. Chapter 6 on Curriculum, Standards and Testing has a new section on emerging trends in the curriculum

The teachers, schools and society : a brief introduction to education reader

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