N6-methyladenosine RNA modification promotes viral genomic RNA stability and infection

Molecular manipulation of susceptibility (S) genes that are antipodes to resistance (R) genes has been adopted as an alternative strategy for controlling crop diseases. Here, we show the S gene encoding Triticum aestivum m(6)A methyltransferase B (TaMTB) is identified by a genome-wide association study and subsequently shown to be a positive regulator for wheat yellow mosaic virus (WYMV) infection. TaMTB is localized in the nucleus, is translocated into the cytoplasmic aggregates by binding to WYMV NIb to upregulate the m(6)A level of WYMV RNA1 and stabilize the viral RNA, thus promoting viral infection. A natural mutant allele TaMTB-SNP176C is found to confer an enhanced susceptibility to WYMV infection through genetic variation analysis on 243 wheat varieties. Our discovery highlights this allele can be a useful target for the molecular wheat breeding in the future

Research and application of public welfare poster design under the background of perceptual design and digitalization

Graphic language has become the information age of today's layout design concept and consciousness. The integration of design and digitization constructs the cultural ecological environment of diversified design, which makes the thinking, concept and aesthetic style of design permeate with unique cultural value. Based on the perceptual image elements under visual innovation and the communication effect of modern public welfare posters, combined with the update of media and the application and iteration of digital technology, emotional graphic elements are equipped in the design of public welfare posters. In this study, we investigated the relationship between new media literacy as an intermediary variable and the interest and confusion of aesthetic model, and the aesthetic experience of people participating in digital media art. The purpose of this study is to achieve the following research purposes: what kind of feeling can be brought about by the artistic creation of artificial intelligence, analyze whether the feeling is significantly different from that of human artists. And from the needs of the audience groups, we try to explore new ideas and design patterns of public service posters, try to break through the two-dimensional visual formal graphics, and accelerate the transformation and upgrading of traditional public welfare posters. The results show that it is particularly important to study the audience's psychological on the feeling and visual experience in the public service posters. At the same time, we should fully consider the perceptual elements, visual experience, and technological media

Covering-Based Rough Sets on Eulerian Matroids

Rough set theory is an efficient and essential tool for dealing with vagueness and granularity in information systems. Covering-based rough set theory is proposed as a significant generalization of classical rough sets. Matroid theory is a vital structure with high applicability and borrows extensively from linear algebra and graph theory. In this paper, one type of covering-based approximations is studied from the viewpoint of Eulerian matroids. First, we explore the circuits of an Eulerian matroid from the perspective of coverings. Second, this type of covering-based approximations is represented by the circuits of Eulerian matroids. Moreover, the conditions under which the covering-based upper approximation operator is the closure operator of a matroid are presented. Finally, a matroidal structure of covering-based rough sets is constructed. These results show many potential connections between covering-based rough sets and matroids

Amorphous Ni0.75Fe0.25(OH)2-decorated layered double perovskite Pr0.5Ba0.5CoO3-δ for highly efficient and stable water oxidation

Highly active, durable, and cost-effective electrocatalysts for water oxidation into oxygen gas hold a key role to realise a range of renewable energy solutions which include water-splitting and rechargeable metal-air batteries. Despite its very stable oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance over large number of cycles, layered double perovskite PrBaCo2O5+ (PBC) has a rather limited surface area. It is, thus, desirable to have the stability of PBC combined with the higher OER activity obtained by enlarging its surface area. Here, we used micro-sized PBC particles as the substrate for the deposition of nano-sized nickel-iron hydroxide, Ni0.75Fe0.25(OH)(2), which led to an order of magnitude improvement in the OER current density at 1.63V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode for the amorphous Ni0.75Fe0.25(OH)(2)-decorated PBC catalyst (A-Ni0.75Fe0.25(OH)(2)+PBC), relative to the PBC catalyst. We showed that the crystal ordering of the decoration affects the OER activity, that is, the amorphous decoration provided a higher OER activity than the crystalline decoration by enabling a larger contact area between the catalyst and the aqueous electrolyte. The results we show here could potentially stimulate more innovative future works utilising simple chemical preparation route to realise high-performance hybrid OER catalysts involving novel constituents

Alkaline metal doped strontium cobalt ferrite perovskites as cathodes for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells

Perovskite oxides SrKFeCoO (SKFCx, x = 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9 and 1.0) are investigated as potential cathode materials for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFCs) on SmCeO (SDC) electrolyte. The cubic phase of the SKFCx oxides is demonstrated by x-ray diffraction. The SKFCx cathode shows good compatibility with the SDC electrolyte up to 900 °C. Among the investigated compositions, SKFC0.1 displays the highest electrical conductivity of 443–146 S·cm from 350 °C to 800 °C in flow air. The area specific resistances (ASRs) of the SKFCx (x = 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9 and 1.0) cathodes are 0.047, 0.058, 0.066, 0.101, 0.155 and 0.175 Ω cm at 650 °C in air on an SDC electrolyte. Among the five tested cathodes, SKFC0.1 exhibits the lowest area specific resistances between 550 °C and 750 °C, when tested on its symmetric cell configuration of cathode|SDC|cathode. The thermally stabilized cubic perovskite structure of the SKFC0.1 powder is demonstrated by high-temperature XRD. The average linear thermal expansion coefficient α of SKFC0.1 is 18.9×10 K. A peak power density of 1643 mW·cm is achieved on SKFC0.1|SDC|Ni-SDC anode supported fuel cell at 650 °C. These features, and excellent electrocatalytic activity and good stability, indicate the potential of alkaline metal doped strontium cobalt ferrite perovskites are promising cathode materials for IT-SOFCs

SegDetector: A Deep Learning Model for Detecting Small and Overlapping Damaged Buildings in Satellite Images

Buildings bear much of the damage from natural disasters, and determining the extent of this damage is of great importance to post-disaster emergency relief. The application of deep learning to satellite remote sensing imagery has become more and more mature in monitoring natural disasters, but there are problems such as the small pixel scale of targets and overlapping targets that hinder the effectiveness of the model. Based on the SegFormer semantic segmentation model, this study proposes the SegDetector model for difficult detection of small-scale targets and overlapping targets in target detection tasks. By changing the calculation method of the loss function, the detection of overlapping samples is improved and the time-consuming non-maximum-suppression (NMS) algorithm is discarded, and the horizontal and rotational detection of buildings can be easily and conveniently implemented. In order to verify the effectiveness of the SegDetector model, the xBD dataset, which is a dataset for assessing building damage from satellite imagery, was transformed and tested. The experiment results show that the SegDetector model outperforms the state-of-the-art (SOTA) models such as you-only-look-once (YOLOv3, v4, v5) in the xBD dataset with F1: 0.71, Precision: 0.63, and Recall: 0.81. At the same time, the SegDetector model has a small number of parameters and fast detection capability, making it more practical for deployment

Potassium ions promote electrochemical nitrogen reduction on nano-Au catalysts triggered by bifunctional boron supramolecular assembly

Текст статьи не публикуется в открытом доступе в соответствии с политикой журнала.The electrochemical way of reducing nitrogen to ammonia presents green and economic advantages to dial down irreversible damage caused by the energy-intensive Haber–Bosch process. Here, we introduce an advanced catalyst CB[7]–K2[B12H12]@Au with highly dispersed and ultrafine nano-gold. The CB[7]–K2[B12H12]@Au electrochemically driven ammonia yield and Faraday efficiency is as high as 41.69 μg h−1 mgcat.−1 and 29.53% (at −0.4 V vs. RHE), respectively, reaching the US Department of Energy (DOE) utility index of ambient ammonia production along with excellent cycle stability and tolerance that indicates a high potential of industrial practical value. Experimental results and theoretical calculations show that the key to an excellent electrochemical nitrogen reduction performance lies in the smart design of the CB[7]–K2[B12H12]@Au catalyst combining the stable substrate anchored Au nanoparticles and K+ ions that effectively prevent the hydrogen evolution reaction and polarize *N2 leading to lowering of the rate determining step. This research will promote the further development of electrochemical ammonia production with low environmental impact

Associations of Exposure to Air Pollution with Insulin Resistance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

In this article, we review the available evidence and explore the association between air pollution and insulin resistance (IR) using meta-analytic techniques. Cohort studies published before January 2018 were selected through English-language literature searches in nine databases. Six cohort studies were included in our sample, which assessed air pollutants including PM2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2.5 μm), NO2(nitrogen dioxide), and PM10 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 10 μm). Percentage change in insulin or insulin resistance associated with air pollutants with corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to evaluate the risk. A pooled effect (percentage change) was observed, with a 1 μg/m3 increase in NO2 associated with a significant 1.25% change (95% CI: 0.67, 1.84; I2 = 0.00%, p = 0.07) in the Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) and a 0.60% change (95% CI: 0.17, 1.03; I2 = 30.94%, p = 0.27) in insulin. Similar to the analysis of NO2, a 1 μg/m3 increase in PM10 was associated with a significant 2.77% change (95% CI: 0.67, 4.87; I2 = 94.98%, p < 0.0001) in HOMA-IR and a 2.75% change in insulin (95% CI: 0.45, 5.04; I2 = 58.66%, p = 0.057). No significant associations were found between PM2.5 and insulin resistance biomarkers. We conclude that increased exposure to air pollution can lead to insulin resistance, further leading to diabetes and cardiometabolic diseases. Clinicians should consider the environmental exposure of patients when making screening and treatment decisions for them

BCN-Encapsulated Nano-nickel Synergistically Promotes Ambient Electrochemical Dinitrogen Reduction

Текст статьи не публикуется в открытом доступе в соответствии с политикой журнала.The electricity provided by solar or wind power can drive nitrogen in the atmosphere, combining with ubiquitous water to form ammonia, and distributed production methods can alleviate the irreversible damage to the environment caused by the energy-intensive Haber–Bosch process. Here, we have designed a novel Ni-doped BCN heterojunction (S/M-BOPs-1) as a catalyst for the electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR). The ammonia yield rate and Faraday efficiency in NRR driven by S/M-BOPs-1 reach up to 16.72 μg–1 h–1 cm–2 and 13.06%, respectively. Moreover, S/M-BOPs-1 still maintains high NRR activity and excellent stability after recycling for eight times and long-time operation of 12 h. Using density functional theory calculations, we reveal a possible NRR path for N2 to NH3 on Ni, BCN, and the S/M-BOPs-1 composite surfaces. The interaction between the BCN matrix and Ni nanoparticles promotes a synergetic effect for the electrochemical NRR efficiency due to the partial electron transfer from the Ni particles to BCN that inhibits hydrogen evolution reaction and decreases the rate-determining step on Ni surfaces toward NRR by ∼1.5 times. Therefore, efficient NRR performance can be achieved by tuning the electronic properties of non-noble metals via the formation of a heterointerface

Signaling pathways in vascular function and hypertension: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions

Abstract Hypertension is a global public health issue and the leading cause of premature death in humans. Despite more than a century of research, hypertension remains difficult to cure due to its complex mechanisms involving multiple interactive factors and our limited understanding of it. Hypertension is a condition that is named after its clinical features. Vascular function is a factor that affects blood pressure directly, and it is a main strategy for clinically controlling BP to regulate constriction/relaxation function of blood vessels. Vascular elasticity, caliber, and reactivity are all characteristic indicators reflecting vascular function. Blood vessels are composed of three distinct layers, out of which the endothelial cells in intima and the smooth muscle cells in media are the main performers of vascular function. The alterations in signaling pathways in these cells are the key molecular mechanisms underlying vascular dysfunction and hypertension development. In this manuscript, we will comprehensively review the signaling pathways involved in vascular function regulation and hypertension progression, including calcium pathway, NO-NOsGC-cGMP pathway, various vascular remodeling pathways and some important upstream pathways such as renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, oxidative stress-related signaling pathway, immunity/inflammation pathway, etc. Meanwhile, we will also summarize the treatment methods of hypertension that targets vascular function regulation and discuss the possibility of these signaling pathways being applied to clinical work