PD-1/PD-L1 Axis, Rather Than High-Mobility Group Alarmins or CD8+ Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes, Is Associated With Survival in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients Who Received Surgical Resection

In current studies, the influence of tumor immune microenvironment on tumorigenesis and tumor progression has been widely explored. In the present study, we investigated the expression and significance of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), HMG nucleosome-binding protein 1 (HMGN1), the receptor programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and its ligand programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). We explored whether HMGB1 and HMGN1 take part in recruiting T cells to HNSCC microenvironment. Furthermore, we assessed the prognostic value of HMG proteins, TILs, and PD-1/PD-L1 in postoperative patients. Tumor tissue sections were collected from 81 cases of patients with resectable HNSCC. All patients' information was integrated with clinical and pathological records, as well as follow-up data. We used immunohistochemistry to examine the subcellular localization and expression levels of HMGB1 and HMGN1, as well as tumor CD3+, CD8+, FOXP3+ lymphocyte infiltration, and the expression of immune inhibiting molecules PD-1/PD-L1. Results showed that there was no significant difference in the number of CD8+ and FOXP3+ T cells between the two groups with or without HMGB1 cytoplasmic expression in tumor tissues. The number of CD3+ T cells in HMGB1 cytoplasmic expression group (339.39 ± 230.76) was more than that in group without HMGB1 cytoplasmic expression (233.30 ± 230.91, P < 0.05). The number of CD3+, CD8+, and FOXP3+ T cells in HMGN1 cytoplasmic expression group [400.74 ± 224.04, 158.10 ± 112.10, 36.00(15.00, 69.00)] was more than that in group without HMGN1-cytoplasmic expression [222.84 ± 217.78, P < 0.01; 105.10 ± 108.25, P < 0.05; 13.00(6.75, 32.25), P < 0.01]. The positive rates of PD-1 and PD-L1 in tumor tissues were 29.6 and 67.9%, respectively. Multivariate analysis suggested that tumor expression of PD-L1 was an independent prognostic factor and PD-L1 overexpression indicated a poor overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Taken together, we concluded that HMGB1 and HMGN1 secreted by cancer cells may relate to recruitment of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in HNSCC. PD-1/PD-L1 axis, rather than HMG proteins or CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, has a critical role in tumor immune microenvironment and could predict the outcome of HNSCC patients who received surgical resection

3SAT on an All-to-All-Connected CMOS Ising Solver Chip

This work solves 3SAT, a classical NP-complete problem, on a CMOS-based Ising hardware chip with all-to-all connectivity. The paper addresses practical issues in going from algorithms to hardware. It considers several degrees of freedom in mapping the 3SAT problem to the chip - using multiple Ising formulations for 3SAT; exploring multiple strategies for decomposing large problems into subproblems that can be accommodated on the Ising chip; and executing a sequence of these subproblems on CMOS hardware to obtain the solution to the larger problem. These are evaluated within a software framework, and the results are used to identify the most promising formulations and decomposition techniques. These best approaches are then mapped to the all-to-all hardware, and the performance of 3SAT is evaluated on the chip. Experimental data shows that the deployed decomposition and mapping strategies impact SAT solution quality: without our methods, the CMOS hardware cannot achieve 3SAT solutions on SATLIB benchmarks

Progress on the Application of Polyphenol-Polysaccharide Complexes in Food-Grade Pickering Emulsions

A Pickering emulsion is an emulsion stabilized by solid particles. As most natural colloidal particles used for stabilizing Pickering emulsions have poor emulsifying performance, it is necessary to improve their emulsifying performance. At present, protein-based particles have been widely applied in food-grade Pickering emulsions, while polysaccharide-based particles have scarcely been researched. Compared with pure and mixed polysaccharide particles, non-covalent and covalent complexes between polyphenols and polysaccharides not only have excellent emulsifying performance, but also can improve the oxidation stability of Pickering emulsions and endow it with controllable rheological properties, and broad-spectrum antibacterial properties. However, there are very few systematic reviews on the application of polyphenol-polysaccharide complexes in food-grade Pickering emulsions. Therefore, beginning with an introduction to the stability mechanism of Pickering emulsions and the formation mechanism of polyphenol-polysaccharide complexes, this article reviews the application of polyphenol-polysaccharide complexes in food-grade Pickering emulsions to provide a reference for the application of polyphenol-polysaccharide complexes in food, medicine, cosmetics and other fields

RingMo-lite: A Remote Sensing Multi-task Lightweight Network with CNN-Transformer Hybrid Framework

In recent years, remote sensing (RS) vision foundation models such as RingMo have emerged and achieved excellent performance in various downstream tasks. However, the high demand for computing resources limits the application of these models on edge devices. It is necessary to design a more lightweight foundation model to support on-orbit RS image interpretation. Existing methods face challenges in achieving lightweight solutions while retaining generalization in RS image interpretation. This is due to the complex high and low-frequency spectral components in RS images, which make traditional single CNN or Vision Transformer methods unsuitable for the task. Therefore, this paper proposes RingMo-lite, an RS multi-task lightweight network with a CNN-Transformer hybrid framework, which effectively exploits the frequency-domain properties of RS to optimize the interpretation process. It is combined by the Transformer module as a low-pass filter to extract global features of RS images through a dual-branch structure, and the CNN module as a stacked high-pass filter to extract fine-grained details effectively. Furthermore, in the pretraining stage, the designed frequency-domain masked image modeling (FD-MIM) combines each image patch's high-frequency and low-frequency characteristics, effectively capturing the latent feature representation in RS data. As shown in Fig. 1, compared with RingMo, the proposed RingMo-lite reduces the parameters over 60% in various RS image interpretation tasks, the average accuracy drops by less than 2% in most of the scenes and achieves SOTA performance compared to models of the similar size. In addition, our work will be integrated into the MindSpore computing platform in the near future

Essays on strategy disclosures

Despite the importance of corporate disclosures on strategies to capital market participants, the existing academic literature provides limited insights into why and how firm managers disclose their companies’ strategies, what information is revealed specifically, and how market participants use or can potentially use such information. This thesis, which includes two studies, aims to fill the knowledge gap by exploring two types of strategy disclosures. In the first study, titled “Strategy-Pay Linkage and Future Performance: Evidence from FTSE 350 Firms’ Annual Reports,” I examine the economic implications of FTSE 350 firms’ strategy disclosures in the annual reports. I find that the level of strategy-pay linkage (i.e., the linkage between strategies and future CEO pay policies) disclosed in the reports is positively associated with the firms’ future operating performance. The association is stronger when firms have lower proprietary costs of disclosures, and when they have received more shareholder dissent on the directors’ remuneration reports previously. I also document that stronger strategy-pay linkage leads to greater investor consensus about firm value and lower information asymmetry between firm insiders and outsiders. The second study, titled “Strategic Plan Disclosures of Newly Appointed CEOs,” is co-authored with Tathagat Mukhopadhyay, James Ryans and Irem Tuna. We examine the determinants and market consequences of strategic plans disclosed by newly appointed CEOs at U.S. public firms. We find that new CEOs who are negatively perceived by investors when the appointment is announced are more likely to disclose a strategic plan within the first year of tenure, and tend to do so earlier than CEOs who are perceived positively. However, these disclosures do not seem to change investors’ negative perceptions, as we document a positive relation between market reactions to the CEO appointments and the reactions to the disclosures. In addition, we analyse the content of the strategic plans and find that the disclosures on growth strategies help improve the accuracy of future analyst forecasts

Control system design of an intelligent food delivery robot

Contemporary many young people more and more choose to enjoy a variety of food outside, followed by a variety of food service industry emerging in an endless stream of new ideas, new changes. Nowadays, more and more intelligent food delivery robots are appearing in restaurants in many cities, making great contributions to the improvement of the cost and efficiency of food delivery in the catering industry. This paper designs a low-cost, efficient and intelligent food delivery robot, which can receive background instructions, choose the route and order for automatic food delivery, and automatically return after the task. The intelligent food delivery robot adopts a modular design method, mainly including power supply, microprocessor, the keys, drive, positioning, tracking navigation, obstacle avoidance and Wi-Fi communication parts

Multiplicity of positive solutions for second-order differential inclusion systems depending on two parameters

We consider the two-point boundary-value system \displaylines{ -u''_i+u_i\in\lambda\partial_{u_i}F(u_1,\ldots,u_n) +\mu\partial_{u_i}G(u_1,\ldots,u_n),\cr u'_i(a)=u'_i(b)=0\quad u_i\geq 0,\quad 1\leq i\leq n. } Applying a version of nonsmooth three critical points theorem, we show the existence of at least three positive solutions

Research and application of TOPSIS based on AHP in storage mode

In the field of modern logistics, automated warehousing is a very important subject. This paper discusses the layout principles of storage spaces in warehousing, lists different storage methods of goods, and studies how to use the TOPSIS method based on AHP (analytic hierarchy process), summarizes the detailed methods and steps, to find the optimal storage mode, and makes an effective example application of the storage mode of a warehouse management. The research in this paper is suitable for the method choice of similar type of automatic warehouse storage management. The TOPSIS analysis model based on AHP is easy to analyze and calculate, and has universality in the method choice of automatic warehouse storage management

Characteristics and Expression Analysis of <i>FmTCP15</i> under Abiotic Stresses and Hormones and Interact with DELLA Protein in <i>Fraxinus</i> <i>mandshurica</i> Rupr.

The TEOSINTE BRANCHED1, CYCLOIDEA, and PROLIFERATION CELL FACTOR (TCP) transcription factor is a plant-specific gene family and acts on multiple functional genes in controlling growth, development, stress response, and the circadian clock. In this study, a class I member of the TCP family from Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr. was isolated and named FmTCP15, which encoded a protein of 362 amino acids. Protein structures were analyzed and five ligand binding sites were predicted. The phylogenetic relationship showed that FmTCP15 was most closely related to Solanaceae and Plantaginaceae. FmTCP15 was localized in the nuclei of F. mandshurica protoplast cells and highly expressed in cotyledons. The expression pattern revealed the FmTCP15 response to multiple abiotic stresses and hormone signals. Downstream genes for transient overexpression of FmTCP15 in seedlings were also investigated. A yeast two-hybrid assay confirmed that FmTCP15 could interact with DELLA proteins. FmTCP15 participated in the GA-signaling pathway, responded to abiotic stresses and hormone signals, and regulated multiple genes in these biological processes. Our study revealed the potential value of FmTCP15 for understanding the molecular mechanisms of stress and hormone signal responses

TIM-3 and CEACAM1 are Prognostic Factors in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

&lt;jats:p&gt;Lobate deposits in deep-water settings are diverse in their depositional architecture but this diversity is under-represented in the literature. Diverse architectures result from multiple factors including source material, basin margin physiography, transport pathway, and depositional setting. In this contribution, we emphasize the impact of differing source materials related to differing delivery mechanisms and their influence on architecture, which is an important consideration in source-to-sink studies. Three well imaged subsurface lobate deposits are described that display three markedly different morphologies. All three lobate examples, two from intraslope settings offshore Nigeria and one from a basin-floor setting offshore Indonesia, are buried by less than 150 m of muddy sediment and are imaged with high resolution 3D reflection seismic data of similar quality and resolution. Distinctively different distributary channel patterns are present in two of the examples, and no comparable distributaries are imaged in a third example. Distributary channels are emphasized because they are objectively recognized and because they often represent elements of elevated fluid content within buried lobate deposits and thus influence permeability structure. We speculate that the different distributary channel patterns documented here resulted from different processes linked to source materials: 1) a lobate deposit that is pervasively channelized by many distributaries that have branched at numerous points is interpreted to result from comparatively mud-rich, stratified, turbulent flows; 2) an absence of distributaries in a lobate deposit is interpreted to result from collapse of mud-poor, turbulent flows remobilized from littoral drift; and 3) a lobate deposit with only a few, long, straight distributaries with few branching points is interpreted to be dominated by highly viscous flows (i.e., debris flows). We propose a conceptual model that illustrates the relationship between the proportion of mud in contributing flows and the relative size and runout distance of lobate deposits. We conclude that reconciling 3D seismic morphologies with outcrop observations of channels, scours, and amalgamation zones, and simple application of hierarchical schemes, is problematic. Furthermore, when characterizing unconfined deep-water deposits in the subsurface, multiple models with significant differences in predicted permeability structure should be considered.&lt;/jats:p&gt