380 research outputs found

    CuestiĂłn de lector, cuestiĂłn de canon

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    El congreso sobre la Biblioteca de Occidente plantea la cuestiĂłn de si se debe proponer una lista de los libros que deberĂ­an continuar en forma impresa en la librerĂ­a de toda familia mĂ­nimamente cultivada cuando la lectura digital se haya extendido universalmente

    Paysages de la mémoire : avant-propos

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    Prendre la peine d’entrer en contact les uns avec les autres, d’organiser un sĂ©minaire, de publier un bulletin : voilĂ , de la part de jeunes doctorants qui pourraient avoir chacun pour seul souci de boucler sa thĂšse au plus vite dans son coin, le signe le plus sĂ»r d’un enthousiasme gĂ©nĂ©reux et vrai pour l’objet de nos Ă©tudes, le Moyen Age. Une universitĂ©, celle de Paris-Sorbonne, qui est la plus importante de France pour les disciplines de la mĂ©moire ; des maĂźtres illustres dirigeant des thĂšs..

    Paysages de la mémoire : avant-propos

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    Prendre la peine d’entrer en contact les uns avec les autres, d’organiser un sĂ©minaire, de publier un bulletin : voilĂ , de la part de jeunes doctorants qui pourraient avoir chacun pour seul souci de boucler sa thĂšse au plus vite dans son coin, le signe le plus sĂ»r d’un enthousiasme gĂ©nĂ©reux et vrai pour l’objet de nos Ă©tudes, le Moyen Age. Une universitĂ©, celle de Paris-Sorbonne, qui est la plus importante de France pour les disciplines de la mĂ©moire ; des maĂźtres illustres dirigeant des thĂšs..

    BĂ©dier au CollĂšge de France

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    Le succĂšs prodigieux de Joseph BĂ©dier comme professeur au CollĂšge de France, bien qu’il ne fĂ»t pas un philologue au sens Ă©troit du terme, tenait d’une part Ă  sa sensibilitĂ© et Ă  son talent littĂ©raires, de l’autre Ă  une extrĂȘme capacitĂ© de sĂ©duction intellectuelle et Ă  une adhĂ©sion naturelle Ă  l’esprit et aux valeurs de son temps. Les premiĂšres qualitĂ©s Ă©taient chez lui si grandes qu’elle suffisent aujourd’hui Ă  nous le faire admirer, alors mĂȘme que, les secondes ne pouvant plus agir sur nous, nous avons abandonnĂ© ses hypothĂšses dans l’ordre de l’histoire littĂ©raire, qui avaient emportĂ© l’adhĂ©sion presque unanime de ses contemporains

    Le Graal est-il un sujet romanesque?

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    Corps visible, corps caché dans la poésie des troubadours

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    La poĂ©sie des troubadours nous paraĂźt souvent dĂ©sincarnĂ©e. Le corps y cĂšde la place soit au cƓur soit Ă  une personnification de l’amour qui nous paraĂźt abstraite. Mais le cƓur peut ĂȘtre de chair. Et l’amour, de genre fĂ©minin mĂȘme au singulier dans l’ancienne langue, est souvent une dĂ©signation discrĂšte de la femme aimĂ©e, qui lui est substituĂ©e comme rĂ©fĂ©rent du pronom personnel la. RĂ©ticences et prĂ©tĂ©ritions voilent moins le corps qu’ils n’excitent le dĂ©sir dans une imagination fiĂ©vreuse de la nuditĂ©. DĂ©crit avec gaillardise ou dissimulĂ© avec effroi, le corps fĂ©minin, le corps aimĂ© est gĂȘnant. Les troubadours ont parfois su dire cette gĂȘne en ne la disant pas. L’audace de leur poĂ©sie est dans la timiditĂ©. « La plus belle qui jamais naquit nue », Ă©crit Guilhem AdĂ©mar. Comment serait-elle nĂ©e autrement que nue ? Mais comment l’imaginer nue autrement qu’à sa naissance 

    Traduction japonaise : « Michel ZINK, Présentation du Dictionnaire du français médiéval de Takeshi Matsumura »

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    æœŹçšżăŻă€2016ćčŽ2月21æ—„ă«æ±äșŹă§é–‹ć‚Źă•ă‚ŒăŸæŸæ‘蟞曞ć‡șç‰ˆç„èł€äŒšăźć‚äŒšè€…ćź›ăƒĄăƒƒă‚»ăƒŒă‚žăšă—ăŠèšłè€…ă«èš—ă•ă‚ŒăŸMichel ZINK, PrĂ©sentation du Dictionnaire du français mĂ©diĂ©val de Takeshi Matsumura, Paris, Les Belles Lettres, 2015 Tokyo, 21 fĂ©vrier 2016.ăźçż»èšłă§ă‚ă‚‹

    Gaston Paris et Aleksandr Veselovskij

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    RĂ©sumĂ©Cette publication est consacrĂ©e Ă  une correspondance, dans sa plus grande partie inĂ©dite, qui s’est Ă©chelonnĂ©e de 1868 Ă  1899 et qui rĂ©unit deux grands mĂ©diĂ©vistes, Gaston Paris, professeur au CollĂšge de France, et Aleksandr Veselovskij, professeur Ă  l’universitĂ© de Saint-PĂ©tersbourg. Par-delĂ  leurs aspects personnels ou anecdotiques, ces lettres prĂ©sentent un double intĂ©rĂȘt. D’une part, elles offrent un petit aperçu sur la vie scientifique et les relations de ces deux grands personnages. D’autre part, et surtout, elles permettent de mesurer, mĂȘme si c’est Ă  travers un cas particulier, l’importance des relations personnelles et des rĂ©seaux de correspondants scientifiques, dans lesquels les savants russes s’insĂ©raient de plus en plus Ă  la fin du xixe siĂšcle.AbstractGaston Paris and Aleksandr Veselovskii : A page of history in Franco-Russian scientific relationsThis publication is devoted to the largely unpublished exchange of correspondence between two important medievalists, Gaston Paris, professor at the CollĂšge de France, and Aleksandr Veselovskii, professor at the University of St. Petersburg, that lasted from 1868 to 1899. Besides their personal or anecdotal aspects, these letters have a twofold significance. First, they give an idea of these men’s scholarly lives and relations. Second, and most important, they allow the reader to assess, even through the prism of a particular case, the importance of personal relations and scientific networks, in which Russian scholars became increasingly involved in the late nineteenth century

    Optical intensity interferometry lab tests in preparation of stellar diameter measurements at IACTs at GHz photon rates

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    Astronomical intensity interferometry enables quantitative measurements of the source geometry by measuring the photon fluxes in individual telescopes and correlating them, rather than correlating the electromagnetic waves' amplitudes. This simplifies realization of large telescope baselines and high angular resolutions. Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs), intended to detect the optical emission of γ\gamma-ray induced air showers, are excellent candidates to perform intensity correlations in the optical at reasonable signal-to-noise ratios. The detected coherence time is on the scale of 10−1210^{-12} to 10−1510^{-15}~seconds - depending on the optical bandwidth of the measurement - which challenges the detection system to work in a stable and accurate way. We developed an intensity interferometry setup applicable to IACTs, which measures the photo currents from photomultipliers and correlates them offline, and as such is designed to handle the very large photon rates provided by the telescopes. We present measurements in the lab simulating starlight using a xenon lamp and measured at different degrees of temporal and spatial coherence. Necessary calibration procedures are described with the goal of understanding the measurements quantitatively. Measured coherence times between 5 5\,femtoseconds (corresponding signal-to-background ratio 5⋅10−75\cdot10^{-7}) and 110 110\,femtoseconds (signal-to-background ratio 10−510^{-5}) are in good agreement with expectations, and so are the noise levels in the correlations, reaching down to 6⋅10−86 \cdot 10^{-8}, after measurements between 30 30\,minutes and 1 1\, hour

    Molecular phylogeny and timing of diversification in Alpine Rhithrogena (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae).

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    BACKGROUND: Larvae of the Holarctic mayfly genus Rhithrogena Eaton, 1881 (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae) are a diverse and abundant member of stream and river communities and are routinely used as bio-indicators of water quality. Rhithrogena is well diversified in the European Alps, with a number of locally endemic species, and several cryptic species have been recently detected. While several informal species groups are morphologically well defined, a lack of reliable characters for species identification considerably hampers their study. Their relationships, origin, timing of speciation and mechanisms promoting their diversification in the Alps are unknown. RESULTS: Here we present a species-level phylogeny of Rhithrogena in Europe using two mitochondrial and three nuclear gene regions. To improve sampling in a genus with many cryptic species, individuals were selected for analysis according to a recent DNA-based taxonomy rather than traditional nomenclature. A coalescent-based species tree and a reconstruction based on a supermatrix approach supported five of the species groups as monophyletic. A molecular clock, mapped on the most resolved phylogeny and calibrated using published mitochondrial evolution rates for insects, suggested an origin of Alpine Rhithrogena in the Oligocene/Miocene boundary. A diversification analysis that included simulation of missing species indicated a constant speciation rate over time, rather than any pronounced periods of rapid speciation. Ancestral state reconstructions provided evidence for downstream diversification in at least two species groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our species-level analyses of five gene regions provide clearer definitions of species groups within European Rhithrogena. A constant speciation rate over time suggests that the paleoclimatic fluctuations, including the Pleistocene glaciations, did not significantly influence the tempo of diversification of Alpine species. A downstream diversification trend in the hybrida and alpestris species groups supports a previously proposed headwater origin hypothesis for aquatic insects
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