380 research outputs found
CuestiĂłn de lector, cuestiĂłn de canon
El congreso sobre la Biblioteca de Occidente plantea la cuestiĂłn de si se debe proponer una lista de los libros que deberĂan continuar en forma impresa en la librerĂa de toda familia mĂnimamente cultivada cuando la lectura digital se haya extendido universalmente
Paysages de la mémoire : avant-propos
Prendre la peine dâentrer en contact les uns avec les autres, dâorganiser un sĂ©minaire, de publier un bulletin : voilĂ , de la part de jeunes doctorants qui pourraient avoir chacun pour seul souci de boucler sa thĂšse au plus vite dans son coin, le signe le plus sĂ»r dâun enthousiasme gĂ©nĂ©reux et vrai pour lâobjet de nos Ă©tudes, le Moyen Age. Une universitĂ©, celle de Paris-Sorbonne, qui est la plus importante de France pour les disciplines de la mĂ©moire ; des maĂźtres illustres dirigeant des thĂšs..
Paysages de la mémoire : avant-propos
Prendre la peine dâentrer en contact les uns avec les autres, dâorganiser un sĂ©minaire, de publier un bulletin : voilĂ , de la part de jeunes doctorants qui pourraient avoir chacun pour seul souci de boucler sa thĂšse au plus vite dans son coin, le signe le plus sĂ»r dâun enthousiasme gĂ©nĂ©reux et vrai pour lâobjet de nos Ă©tudes, le Moyen Age. Une universitĂ©, celle de Paris-Sorbonne, qui est la plus importante de France pour les disciplines de la mĂ©moire ; des maĂźtres illustres dirigeant des thĂšs..
BĂ©dier au CollĂšge de France
Le succĂšs prodigieux de Joseph BĂ©dier comme professeur au CollĂšge de France, bien quâil ne fĂ»t pas un philologue au sens Ă©troit du terme, tenait dâune part Ă sa sensibilitĂ© et Ă son talent littĂ©raires, de lâautre Ă une extrĂȘme capacitĂ© de sĂ©duction intellectuelle et Ă une adhĂ©sion naturelle Ă lâesprit et aux valeurs de son temps. Les premiĂšres qualitĂ©s Ă©taient chez lui si grandes quâelle suffisent aujourdâhui Ă nous le faire admirer, alors mĂȘme que, les secondes ne pouvant plus agir sur nous, nous avons abandonnĂ© ses hypothĂšses dans lâordre de lâhistoire littĂ©raire, qui avaient emportĂ© lâadhĂ©sion presque unanime de ses contemporains
Corps visible, corps caché dans la poésie des troubadours
La poĂ©sie des troubadours nous paraĂźt souvent dĂ©sincarnĂ©e. Le corps y cĂšde la place soit au cĆur soit Ă une personnification de lâamour qui nous paraĂźt abstraite. Mais le cĆur peut ĂȘtre de chair. Et lâamour, de genre fĂ©minin mĂȘme au singulier dans lâancienne langue, est souvent une dĂ©signation discrĂšte de la femme aimĂ©e, qui lui est substituĂ©e comme rĂ©fĂ©rent du pronom personnel la. RĂ©ticences et prĂ©tĂ©ritions voilent moins le corps quâils nâexcitent le dĂ©sir dans une imagination fiĂ©vreuse de la nuditĂ©. DĂ©crit avec gaillardise ou dissimulĂ© avec effroi, le corps fĂ©minin, le corps aimĂ© est gĂȘnant. Les troubadours ont parfois su dire cette gĂȘne en ne la disant pas. Lâaudace de leur poĂ©sie est dans la timiditĂ©. « La plus belle qui jamais naquit nue », Ă©crit Guilhem AdĂ©mar. Comment serait-elle nĂ©e autrement que nue ? Mais comment lâimaginer nue autrement quâĂ sa naissanceÂ
Traduction japonaise : « Michel ZINK, Présentation du Dictionnaire du français médiéval de Takeshi Matsumura »
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ă«èšăăăMichel ZINK, PrĂ©sentation du Dictionnaire du français mĂ©diĂ©val de Takeshi Matsumura, Paris, Les Belles Lettres, 2015ïŒ Tokyo, 21 fĂ©vrier 2016.ăźçż»èšłă§ăă
Gaston Paris et Aleksandr Veselovskij
RĂ©sumĂ©Cette publication est consacrĂ©e Ă une correspondance, dans sa plus grande partie inĂ©dite, qui sâest Ă©chelonnĂ©e de 1868 Ă 1899 et qui rĂ©unit deux grands mĂ©diĂ©vistes, Gaston Paris, professeur au CollĂšge de France, et Aleksandr Veselovskij, professeur Ă lâuniversitĂ© de Saint-PĂ©tersbourg. Par-delĂ leurs aspects personnels ou anecdotiques, ces lettres prĂ©sentent un double intĂ©rĂȘt. Dâune part, elles offrent un petit aperçu sur la vie scientifique et les relations de ces deux grands personnages. Dâautre part, et surtout, elles permettent de mesurer, mĂȘme si câest Ă travers un cas particulier, lâimportance des relations personnelles et des rĂ©seaux de correspondants scientifiques, dans lesquels les savants russes sâinsĂ©raient de plus en plus Ă la fin du xixe siĂšcle.AbstractGaston Paris and Aleksandr Veselovskii : A page of history in Franco-Russian scientific relationsThis publication is devoted to the largely unpublished exchange of correspondence between two important medievalists, Gaston Paris, professor at the CollĂšge de France, and Aleksandr Veselovskii, professor at the University of St. Petersburg, that lasted from 1868 to 1899. Besides their personal or anecdotal aspects, these letters have a twofold significance. First, they give an idea of these menâs scholarly lives and relations. Second, and most important, they allow the reader to assess, even through the prism of a particular case, the importance of personal relations and scientific networks, in which Russian scholars became increasingly involved in the late nineteenth century
Optical intensity interferometry lab tests in preparation of stellar diameter measurements at IACTs at GHz photon rates
Astronomical intensity interferometry enables quantitative measurements of
the source geometry by measuring the photon fluxes in individual telescopes and
correlating them, rather than correlating the electromagnetic waves'
amplitudes. This simplifies realization of large telescope baselines and high
angular resolutions. Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs), intended
to detect the optical emission of -ray induced air showers, are
excellent candidates to perform intensity correlations in the optical at
reasonable signal-to-noise ratios. The detected coherence time is on the scale
of to ~seconds - depending on the optical bandwidth of the
measurement - which challenges the detection system to work in a stable and
accurate way. We developed an intensity interferometry setup applicable to
IACTs, which measures the photo currents from photomultipliers and correlates
them offline, and as such is designed to handle the very large photon rates
provided by the telescopes. We present measurements in the lab simulating
starlight using a xenon lamp and measured at different degrees of temporal and
spatial coherence. Necessary calibration procedures are described with the goal
of understanding the measurements quantitatively. Measured coherence times
between femtoseconds (corresponding signal-to-background ratio
) and femtoseconds (signal-to-background ratio )
are in good agreement with expectations, and so are the noise levels in the
correlations, reaching down to , after measurements between
minutes and hour
Molecular phylogeny and timing of diversification in Alpine Rhithrogena (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae).
BACKGROUND: Larvae of the Holarctic mayfly genus Rhithrogena Eaton, 1881 (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae) are a diverse and abundant member of stream and river communities and are routinely used as bio-indicators of water quality. Rhithrogena is well diversified in the European Alps, with a number of locally endemic species, and several cryptic species have been recently detected. While several informal species groups are morphologically well defined, a lack of reliable characters for species identification considerably hampers their study. Their relationships, origin, timing of speciation and mechanisms promoting their diversification in the Alps are unknown.
RESULTS: Here we present a species-level phylogeny of Rhithrogena in Europe using two mitochondrial and three nuclear gene regions. To improve sampling in a genus with many cryptic species, individuals were selected for analysis according to a recent DNA-based taxonomy rather than traditional nomenclature. A coalescent-based species tree and a reconstruction based on a supermatrix approach supported five of the species groups as monophyletic. A molecular clock, mapped on the most resolved phylogeny and calibrated using published mitochondrial evolution rates for insects, suggested an origin of Alpine Rhithrogena in the Oligocene/Miocene boundary. A diversification analysis that included simulation of missing species indicated a constant speciation rate over time, rather than any pronounced periods of rapid speciation. Ancestral state reconstructions provided evidence for downstream diversification in at least two species groups.
CONCLUSIONS: Our species-level analyses of five gene regions provide clearer definitions of species groups within European Rhithrogena. A constant speciation rate over time suggests that the paleoclimatic fluctuations, including the Pleistocene glaciations, did not significantly influence the tempo of diversification of Alpine species. A downstream diversification trend in the hybrida and alpestris species groups supports a previously proposed headwater origin hypothesis for aquatic insects
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