Direct visualization of dynamic magnetic coupling in a Co/Py bilayer with picosecond and nanometer resolution

We present a combination of ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) with spatially and time-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy in a scanning transmission X-ray microscope (STXM-FMR). The transverse high frequency component of the resonantly excited magnetization is measured with element-specifity in a Permalloy (Py) disk - Cobalt (Co) stripe bilayer microstructure. STXM-FMR mappings are snapshots of the local magnetization-precession with nm spatial resolution and ps temporal resolution. We directly observe the transfer of angular momentum from Py to Co and vice versa at their respective element-specific resonances. A third resonance could be observed in our experiments, which is identified as a coupled resonance of Py and Co.Comment: Version submitted to Physical Review Applied with updated author list and supplemental information (Ancillary file

Unidirectional anisotropy in cubic FeGe with antisymmetric spin-spin-coupling

We report strong unidirectional anisotropy in bulk polycrystalline B20 FeGe measured by ferromagnetic resonance spectroscopy. Bulk and micron-sized samples were produced and analytically characterized. FeGe is a B20 compound with inherent Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction. Lorenz microscopy confirms a skyrmion lattice at $190 \; \text{K}$ in a magnetic field of 150 mT. Ferromagnetic resonance was measured at $276 \; \text{K} \pm 1 \; \text{K}$, near the Curie temperature. Two resonance modes were observed, both exhibit a unidirectional anisotropy of $K=1153 \; \text{J/m}^3 \pm 10 \; \text{J/m}^3$ in the primary, and $K=28 \; \text{J/m}^3 \pm 2 \; \text{J/m}^3$ in the secondary mode, previously unknown in bulk ferromagnets. Additionally, about 25 standing spin wave modes are observed inside a micron-sized FeGe wedge, measured at room temperature ($\sim \; 293$ K). These modes also exhibit unidirectional anisotropy

Efecto de la probabilidad de errores durante la acción de ataque de esgrima

El propósito de este estudio ha sido comprobar el efecto que tiene la probabilidad de que surja el error durante la realización de una acción de ataque en esgrima, sobre los parámetros temporales de las respuestas de reacción (TRR) y la velocidad de desplazamiento del centro de masas (CM). Han participado 17 esgrimistas (14 hombres y 3 mujeres), con una experiencia en competición regional de más de cinco años. Para el registro de los datos, se han utilizado dos plataformas de fuerza, operando a 500 Hz, una cámara de vídeo, a 210 Hz y un cronómetro electrónico adaptado al sistema de cableado de las armas. Una señal electrónica se utilizó para sincronizar temporalmente todos los registros. Para la situación experimental donde no existía incertidumbre durante la acción (CIA), los esgrimistas tenían que realizar un ataque simple con fondo lo más rápidamente posible al aparecer un círculo en el centro del plastrón (E1), intentando situar la punta de la espada dentro del círculo. Para la situación experimental donde existía incertidumbre debida a la posibilidad de error (CIA), los esgrimistas tenían los mismos objetivos que en la situación anterior, aunque debían de inhibir la acción de ataque a otra de defensiva, en el caso de que el círculo desapareciera del plastrón durante la acción. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto que, cuando existe la posibilidad de error durante la realización del ataque en esgrima, se incrementan los parámetros temporales de la respuesta de reacción (TR y TM) y disminuye la velocidad de ejecución.The main aim of this study has been to verify the effect that has the probability from which the mistake arises during the accomplishment of an action of assault in fencing, on the temporary parameters of the answers of reaction (TRR) and the speed of displacement of the center of masses (CM). 17 fencers (14 men and 3 women), with an experience in regional competition of more than five years took part in this study. Two force platforms, operating to 500 Hz have been in used, a video camera, to 210 Hz and an electronic chronometer adapted to the system of wired up of the weapon for the record of the data. An electronic sign was used for synchronizing temporarily all the records. For the experimental situation where uncertainty did not exist during the action (CIA), the fencers had to realize a simple assault with lunge as rapidly as possible when a circle appeared in the center of the plastron (E1), trying to place the top of the sword inside the circle. For the experimental situation where there existed uncertainty due to the possibility of mistake (CIA), the fencers had the same aims that in the previous situation, though they must disable the action of assault to other one of defensive, in case the circle was disappearing of the plastron during the action. The results reveal that, when the possibility of mistake exists during the accomplishment of the assault in fencing, there are increased the temporary parameters of the response of reaction (TR and TM) and it diminishes the speed of execution.Peer Reviewe

Efecto de la probabilidad de errores durante la acción de ataque de esgrima

El propósito de este estudio ha sido comprobar el efecto que tiene la probabilidad de que surja el error durante la realización de una acción de ataque en esgrima, sobre los parámetros temporales de las respuestas de reacción (TRR) y la velocidad de desplazamiento del centro de masas (CM). Han participado 17 esgrimistas (14 hombres y 3 mujeres), con una experiencia en competición regional de más de cinco años. Para el registro de los datos, se han utilizado dos plataformas de fuerza, operando a 500 Hz, una cámara de vídeo, a 210 Hz y un cronómetro electrónico adaptado al sistema de cableado de las armas. Una señal electrónica se utilizó para sincronizar temporalmente todos los registros. Para la situación experimental donde no existía incertidumbre durante la acción (CIA), los esgrimistas tenían que realizar un ataque simple con fondo lo más rápidamente posible al aparecer un círculo en el centro del plastrón (E1), intentando situar la punta de la espada dentro del círculo. Para la situación experimental donde existía incertidumbre debida a la posibilidad de error (CIA), los esgrimistas tenían los mismos objetivos que en la situación anterior, aunque debían de inhibir la acción de ataque a otra de defensiva, en el caso de que el círculo desapareciera del plastrón durante la acción. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto que, cuando existe la posibilidad de error durante la realización del ataque en esgrima, se incrementan los parámetros temporales de la respuesta de reacción (TR y TM) y disminuye la velocidad de ejecución.The main aim of this study has been to verify the effect that has the probability from which the mistake arises during the accomplishment of an action of assault in fencing, on the temporary parameters of the answers of reaction (TRR) and the speed of displacement of the center of masses (CM). 17 fencers (14 men and 3 women), with an experience in regional competition of more than five years took part in this study. Two force platforms, operating to 500 Hz have been in used, a video camera, to 210 Hz and an electronic chronometer adapted to the system of wired up of the weapon for the record of the data. An electronic sign was used for synchronizing temporarily all the records. For the experimental situation where uncertainty did not exist during the action (CIA), the fencers had to realize a simple assault with lunge as rapidly as possible when a circle appeared in the center of the plastron (E1), trying to place the top of the sword inside the circle. For the experimental situation where there existed uncertainty due to the possibility of mistake (CIA), the fencers had the same aims that in the previous situation, though they must disable the action of assault to other one of defensive, in case the circle was disappearing of the plastron during the action. The results reveal that, when the possibility of mistake exists during the accomplishment of the assault in fencing, there are increased the temporary parameters of the response of reaction (TR and TM) and it diminishes the speed of execution.Peer Reviewe

Processes of feedback in the context of educational counseling in the midst of particular consideration of the social dimensions publicity and team dynamic

Eine Arbeitsgruppe in einer Stadt in Nordrhein-Westfalen ist eine Kooperation mit einer Universität (auch in Nordrhein-Westfalen) eingegangen, um die Wirksamkeit ihrer eigenen Beratungstätigkeit zu erforschen. Eine Interviewstudie (Studie 1) wurde geplant, um Erkenntnisse über diejenigen Beratungsprozesse zu gewinnen, die aus Sicht der Klientinnen und Klienten als wirksam erachtet wurden. Auf dieser Grundlage sollte ein Feedbackinstrument entwickelt werden. Die guten Ergebnisse der ersten Studie veranlassten die Arbeitsgruppe dazu, diese einer breiteren Öffentlichkeit auf einer Fachtagung vorzustellen. Aus dieser ungeplanten Tagung ergab sich im Nachhinein die zweite Studie: Die Analyse der Einschätzungen der Teilnehmenden stellte sich als interessant heraus, da die guten Resultate der ersten Studie verpufften und die Notwendigkeit professioneller Erziehungsberatung öffentlich angezweifelt wurde. Im letzten und abschließenden Kooperationstreffen zwischen den Forscherinnen und der Arbeitsgruppe hinsichtlich einer Nachbereitung der Fachtagung ergaben sich keine weiteren Absprachen bezüglich eines weiteren gemeinsamen Vorgehens, insbesondere hinsichtlich des noch zu entwickelnden Feedbackinstruments. Das ursprüngliche Vorhaben wurde nicht weiterverfolgt. Die Veränderung in der Zusammensetzung der Arbeitsgruppe hat - so wurde angenommen - zu Veränderungen sowohl bei der Zusammenarbeit innerhalb der Arbeitsgruppe als auch in der Kooperation mit den Forscherinnen geführt. Der indirekte Abschluss der Kooperation gab den Anlass für Studie 3. Hier wurde der Forschungsprozess der internen Evaluation anhand von gruppendynamischen Aspekten untersucht. Schließlich werden die Erkenntnisse aus dem Blickwinkel der Evaluation in Institutionen betrachtet. Der Blick ist hier besonders auf die Implikationen gerichtet, die sich für Evaluatorinnen und Evaluatoren ergeben.A work team in a city in North Rhine-Westphalia startet a cooperation with a university (also in North Rhine-Westphalia) to investigate the efficacy of their own educational counseling. An interview study (study 1) was planned to gain findings about those conseling processes that are effictive from the perspective of the clients. A feedback instrument should be generated on this basis. The good results of the first study induced the team to present them to the publicity on a conference. From this unplanned conference arose the second study afterwards: the analysis of the assessment of the participants turned out to be interesting, as the good results of study one crackled and the need of professional educational counselors was doubted in public. At the last and concluding meeting between the researcher and the work team concerning the post-processing of the conference there were no agreements on the further common procedure, particularly concerning the Development of the feedback instrument. The original planning was no longer pursued. The change of the composition of the work team led to – so it was supposed – changes within the work team and the collaboration with the researchers. The devious close of the cooperation led to study 3. Here the interior research process of the internal evaluation was analysed among group dyniamic aspects. Finally the gotten findings are discussed out of the perspective of evaluations in institutions. The view there in particular is on the omplications which surrender for the evaluators