235 research outputs found
Survival Analysis of High-Dimensional Data With Graph Convolutional Networks and Geometric Graphs
This article proposes a survival model based on graph convolutional networks (GCNs) with geometric graphs directly constructed from high-dimensional features. First, we clarify that the graphs used in GCNs play an important role in processing the relational information of samples, and the graphs that align well with the underlying data structure could be beneficial for survival analysis. Second, we show that sparse geometric graphs derived from high-dimensional data are more favorable compared with dense graphs when used in GCNs for survival analysis. Third, from this insight, we propose a model for survival analysis based on GCNs. By using multiple sparse geometric graphs and a proposed sequential forward floating selection algorithm, the new model is able to simultaneously perform survival analysis and unveil the local neighborhoods of samples. The experimental results on real-world datasets show that the proposed survival analysis approach based on GCNs outperforms a variety of existing methods and indicate that geometric graphs can aid survival analysis of high-dimensional data
Expression of Ets-1, Ang-2 and maspin in ovarian cancer and their role in tumor angiogenesis
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Various angiogenic regulators are involved in angiogenesis cascade. Transcription factor Ets-1 plays important role in angiogenesis, remodeling of extracellular matrix, and tumor metastasis. Ets-1 target genes involved in various stages of new blood vessel formation include angiopoietin, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and the protease inhibitor maspin.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We used immunohistochemistry (IHC) to detect the expression of Ets-1, angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) and maspin in ovarian tumor and analyzed the relationship between the expression of these proteins and the clinical manifestation of ovarian cancer.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Ets-1 expression was much stronger in ovarian cancer compared to benign tumors, but had no significant correlation with other pathological parameters of ovarian cancer. However, Ang-2 and maspin expression had no obvious correlation with pathological parameters of ovarian cancer. Ets-1 had a positive correlation with Ang-2 which showed their close relationship in angiogenesis. Although microvessel density (MVD) value had no significant correlation with the expression of Ets-1, Ang-2 or maspin, strong nuclear expression of maspin appeared to be correlated with high grade and MVD.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The expression of Ets-1, Ang2 and maspin showed close relationship with angiogenesis in ovarian cancer and expression of maspin appeared to be correlated with high grade and MVD. The mechanisms underlying the cross-talk of the three factors need further investigations.</p
InstructMol: Multi-Modal Integration for Building a Versatile and Reliable Molecular Assistant in Drug Discovery
The rapid evolution of artificial intelligence in drug discovery encounters
challenges with generalization and extensive training, yet Large Language
Models (LLMs) offer promise in reshaping interactions with complex molecular
data. Our novel contribution, InstructMol, a multi-modal LLM, effectively
aligns molecular structures with natural language via an instruction-tuning
approach, utilizing a two-stage training strategy that adeptly combines limited
domain-specific data with molecular and textual information. InstructMol
showcases substantial performance improvements in drug discovery-related
molecular tasks, surpassing leading LLMs and significantly reducing the gap
with specialized models, thereby establishing a robust foundation for a
versatile and dependable drug discovery assistant
Evidence for Dirac Fermions in a honeycomb lattice based on silicon
Silicene, a sheet of silicon atoms in a honeycomb lattice, was proposed to be
a new Dirac-type electron system similar as graphene. We performed scanning
tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy studies on the atomic and electronic
properties of silicene on Ag(111). An unexpected
reconstruction was found, which is explained by an extra-buckling model.
Pronounced quasi-particle interferences (QPI) patterns, originating from both
the intervalley and intravalley scattering, were observed. From the QPI
patterns we derived a linear energy-momentum dispersion and a large Fermi
velocity, which prove the existence of Dirac Fermions in silicene.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure
SAMP: A Toolkit for Model Inference with Self-Adaptive Mixed-Precision
The latest industrial inference engines, such as FasterTransformer1 and
TurboTransformers, have verified that half-precision floating point (FP16) and
8-bit integer (INT8) quantization can greatly improve model inference speed.
However, the existing FP16 or INT8 quantization methods are too complicated,
and improper usage will lead to performance damage greatly. In this paper, we
develop a toolkit for users to easily quantize their models for inference, in
which a Self-Adaptive Mixed-Precision (SAMP) is proposed to automatically
control quantization rate by a mixed-precision architecture to balance
efficiency and performance. Experimental results show that our SAMP toolkit has
a higher speedup than PyTorch and FasterTransformer while ensuring the required
performance. In addition, SAMP is based on a modular design, decoupling the
tokenizer, embedding, encoder and target layers, which allows users to handle
various downstream tasks and can be seamlessly integrated into PyTorch.Comment: 6 page
Absolute and convective instabilities of a film flow down a vertical fiber subjected to a radial electric field
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