Visualization of big data security: a case study on the KDD99 cup data set

Cyber security has been thrust into the limelight in the modern technological era because of an array of attacks often bypassing untrained intrusion detection systems (IDSs). Therefore, greater attention has been directed on being able deciphering better methods for identifying attack types to train IDSs more effectively. Keycyber-attack insights exist in big data; however, an efficient approach is required to determine strong attack types to train IDSs to become more effective in key areas. Despite the rising growth in IDS research, there is a lack of studies involving big data visualization, which is key. The KDD99 data set has served as a strong benchmark since 1999; therefore, we utilized this data set in our experiment. In this study, we utilized hash algorithm, a weight table, and sampling method to deal with the inherent problems caused by analyzing big data; volume, variety, and velocity. By utilizing a visualization algorithm, we were able to gain insights into the KDD99 data set with a clear identification of “normal” clusters and described distinct clusters of effective attacks

RESTRUCTURING CHINA'S WELFARE REGIME AT THE LOCAL LEVEL: A Case Study

This article focuses on the restructuring of the governing apparatus of occupational welfare in the industrial sector within a territorial hierarchy during the reform era. The paper focuses on the transformation to a program-centered provision from a work-unit-centered provision in examining the restructuring of the programs of occupational benefits in three cases: retirement benefits, medical care and housing. The paper also analyzes the changing role of each type of public organization as well as the relationship among them in the wake of economic reform. Copyright 2001 by The Policy Studies Organization.