Effect of School Library on Students’ Learning Attitude

The purpose of this study is to unfold the perceptions of school teachers about the importance of school libraries in developing academic attitude among students. It is an attempt to know the opinion of teachers, what they perceive about the effect of the sue of libraries. For this purpose, 560 school teachers (male= 280 and female=280) were selected randomly from 70 public sector boys (35) and girls (35) high schools of Lahore district, Pakistan. An opinionnaire consisting of 16 items based on five point Likert Scale was developed and pilot tested on 70 school teachers. The reliability coefficient value was α=0.9154. Finally, the data was analyzed by using descriptive statistics and t-test to compare the means at p<0.05 level of significance. The results indicated that male teachers are more in favor (mean= 66.64) than female teachers (mean= 63.91) about the fact that library has a significant role in developing learning attitude among students. They were selected because the teachers self fulfilling prophecy contributes a lot for the development of the child. Generally this area of consideration is almost neglected in Pakistani research circles. The focus of this study was to explore the facts in a novel way. What sort of differences are there in the opinion of male and female teachers regarding the library were also the questions to be answered in this stud

Visible light driven doped CeO2 for the treatment of pharmaceuticals in wastewater: A review

The high-level contamination of pharmaceuticals in aquatic environment, and their toxicities is a serious issue. This review highlights the use of ceria photocatalyst for treatment of pharmaceuticals. Cerium oxide (CeO2) with high oxygen storage, ecofriendly properties, reusability, and photostability contrary to other metal oxides photocatalysts is reportedly a better choice. However, ceria with high band gap energy show photoactivity mainly under UV light. This review highlights pharmaceuticals contamination in water, their contamination level, and toxicities and properties of CeO2 and different approaches used for extending photoactivity of CeO2 under visible irradiation. Metals and non-metals doping is found to promote greatly photoactivity of CeO2 under visible irradiation by narrowing band gap, shift in absorption edge to visible region, crystal defects and yield of oxygen vacancy, lower recombination of conduction band electrons and valence band holes and increasing surface area. The visible irradiation of CeO2 is found to produce hydroxyl radical (OH) and superoxide radical (O2 –) which contribute in pharmaceuticals degradation. The electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and radical scavenger studies confirmed the formation of reactive oxygen species from CeO2 photoactivation. Doping was found to incorporate into the lattice of CeO2 and improve reusability and stability of CeO2 photocatalyst. The suggested mechanisms involved in the treatment of pharmaceuticals through OH and O2 – is discussed. Furthermore, the outlook and future challenges in the use CeO2 for photocatalytic degradation of pharmaceuticals and other organic pollutants are evaluated

Electrochemical investigations of unexplored anthraquinones and their DNA binding

The redox behaviour of two potential anticancer anthraquinones, 9,10-anthraquinone and 2-chloromethyl-9,10-anthraquinone was investigated in a wide pH range. Cyclic voltammetry based assay was developed for the assessment of the effect of medium, substituents, potential scan rate and number of scans on the voltammetric response of anthraquinones. The electrode reaction mechanism was suggested on the basis of cyclic and differential pulse voltammetric results. The effect of DNA on anthraquinones was also probed at physiological pH which could lead to further investigation of possible citotoxic activity in vitro. The results revealed that anthraquinones interact with DNA more strongly than the clinically used anticancer drug, epirubicin

Validated and optimized RP-HPLC method for the simultaneous quantification of meloxicam and its major metabolites in biological fluids with liquid liquid and solid phase extraction technique

Meloxicam is the most commonly prescribed non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. In this study, a simple, rapid and cost-effective method for the analysis of meloxicam and its major metabolites (5-hydroxy meloxicam and 5-carboxy meloxicam) in biological fluids (human plasma, urine and saliva) was developed and validated using RP-HPLC coupled with UV detector. The samples were analyzed by injecting 20 μl into the HPLC system using supelco analytical C18 (150 mm ×4.6 mm, 5 μm) column, protected by a C18 (30 mm×4.6 mm, 10 μm) Perkin Elmer, guard column. The mobile phase methanol: TFA (0.05% aqueous solution) in 60:40%v/v was pumped with a flow rate of 1.3 mL/min at ambient temperature and the eluents were checked at 353nm using Piroxicam as internal standard. Meloxicam and the metabolites were extracted from biological fluids using dichloromethane and the percent recovery for meloxicam, 5-hydroxy meloxicam and 5- carboxy meloxicam were 98.8%, 97.3%, 97% in plasma, 99%, 98.6%, 95.1% in urine and 95.8%, 92.9%, 92.7% in saliva, respectively. The limits of detection of meloxicam, 5-hydroxy meloxicam and 5-carboxy meloxicam were 3 ng, 10 ng and 8 ng, whereas limit of quantification were 9 ng, 30 ng and 25 ng, respectively. The method was linear over the concentration range of 10 - 2000 ng/mL for meloxicam, 30 - 1000 ng/mL, 25 - 1000 ng/mL for 5-hydroxy meloxicam and 5-carboxy meloxicam, respectively. The developed method was validated according to standard guidelines, various experimental parameters and chromatographic conditions such as mobile phase composition, flow rate, linearity, accuracy, precision, sensitivity etc. were optimized and were successfully applied for the pharmacokinetic studies in the plasma samples of the healthy human volunteers

Melatonin rescues the mice brain against cisplatin-induced neurodegeneration, an insight into antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects

Herein, we evaluated the neuroprotective effect of melatonin against cisplatin-induced oxidative damage, neuroinflammation, and synaptic dysfunction in mice. Cisplatin was administered at a dose of 2 mg/kg for eleven consecutive days to induce symptoms of cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration, while melatonin was administered at a 20 mg/kg dose for thirty consecutive days. We used various experimental techniques such as western blotting, immunofluorescence analysis, and oxidative stress marker assays to support our notion. Moreover, for cognitive impairment, we conducted behavioral analyses such as Morris Water Maze (MWM) and Y-Maze tests. The results indicated that melatonin attenuated oxidative stress by upregulating the expression of NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) dependent anti-oxidative protein levels. Similarly, melatonin positively modulated the expression of Sirt1 (a member of the sirtuin family), Phospho-AMPKα (Thr172), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARγ), PPAR gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α) coupled to downregulation of neuroinflammatory mediators and markers such as nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). Moreover, melatonin significantly upregulated the expression of synaptic markers such as postsynaptic density protein -95 (PSD-95), synaptosomal-associated protein 23 (SNAP-23), and synaptophysin compared to the cisplatin alone group. Furthermore, the results of behavior tests suggested that melatonin significantly improved the cognitive functions of the cisplatin injected mice

A Survey of Fourth Generation Technologies in Cellular Networks

The improvement of broadband remote get to advances as of late was the consequence of developing interest for versatile Internet and remote interactive media applications. Portable correspondence assumes a most vital part in broadcast communications industry. Through a typical wide-territory radio-get to innovation and adaptable system design WiMAX and LTE has empowered meeting of versatile and settled broadband systems. SinceJanuary 2007, the IEEE 802.16 Working Group has been building up another alteration of the IEEE802.16 standard (i.e., IEEE 802.16m) as a propelled air interface to meet the prerequisites of ITU-R/IMT-progressed for 4G frameworks and in addition for the cutting edge portable system administrators. Next fourth era (4G) portable innovation, guarantees the full versatility with fast information rates and high-limit IP-based administrations and applications while keeping up full in reverse similarity. This paper gives the purposes behind the advancement of 4G, however 3G has not sent totally. And afterward gives the data on the structure of the handset for 4G took after by the tweak systems required for the 4G.Later this gives the information about the 4G handling. At long last closes with cutting edge sees for the speedy rise of this rising innovation

Electro-Catalytic process for the Synthesis of Organic Compounds and their Biological Applications.

In fact, electrochemical method (EC) is a specific and eco-friendly technique with several advantages over common organic synthesis methods. During EC no as such external catalysts are required to initiate the reaction, the current potential in itself acts as a catalyst. Most of the inactive organic compounds can be converted to active species by EC method. This method results in the synthesis of compounds with high yield and purity. This method is also good to be applied for the synthesis of thermally sensitive organic compounds. Such synthesis has significant selectivity and reactivity which enable the synthesis of such compounds that are not feasible while using the conventional methods. This review provides insight into the utilization of EC method in the synthesis of organic compounds and their derivatives. Various prerequisites for such synthesis have been highlighted. The EC method application for preparation of derivatives of benzofuran, and benzoxazole, oxidation of N, N, N\u27, N\u27tetramethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine, 5-diethoxy-4-morpholinoaniline, organic compounds containing C=N, benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde and tetratomic Thioethers have been discussed in detail. In addition, the electrochemical synthesis of biomedical important compounds has been presented. The compounds synthesized through EC methods shows potential antimicrobial activity. Deferent researchers work to study the potential biological application of organic compounds synthesized through EC process. The anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal and other important biological activities has been investigated

Photocatalytic response in water pollutants with addition of biomedical and anti-leishmanial study of iron oxide nanoparticles

Public health is a major concern globally, owing to the presence of industrial dyes in the effluent. Nanoparticles with green synthesis are an enthralling research field with various applications. This study deals with investigating the photocatalytic potential of Fe-oxide nanoparticles (FeO-NPs) for the degradation of methylene blue dye and their potential biomedical investigations. Biosynthesis using Anthemis tomentosa flower extract showed to be an effective method for the synthesis of FeO-NPs. The freshly prepared FeO-NPs were characterized through UV/Vis spectroscopy showing clear peak at 318 nm. The prepared FeO-NPs were of smaller size and spherical shape having large surface area and porosity with no aggregations. The FeO-NPs were characterized using XRD, FTIR, HRTEM, SEM and EDX. The HRTEM results showed that the particle size of FeO-NPs was 60–90 nm. The antimicrobial properties of FeO-NPs were investigated against two bacterial Staphylococcus aureus 13 (±0.8) and Klebsiella pneumoniae 6(±0.6) and three fungal species Aspergillus Niger, Aspergillus flavus, and Aspergillus fumigatus exhibiting a maximum reduction of 57% 47% and 50%, respectively. Moreover, FeO-NPs exhibited high antioxidant properties evaluated against ascorbic acid. Overall, this study showed high photocatalytic, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties of FeO-NPs owing to their small size and large surface area. However, the ecotoxicity study of methylene blue degradation products showed potential toxicity to aquatic organisms

Biomedical and photocatalytic applications of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles: Ecotoxicology study of brilliant green dye and its mechanistic degradation pathways

© 2020 Elsevier B.V. The preparation of nanoparticles from biological materials is an economic and environmentally friendly strategy with several advantages. The current study is focused to synthesize silver nanoparticles using Petroselinum crispum plant extract. Various characteristics of biologically synthesized AgNPs were determined with UV–Visible (UV/Vis) Spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy, and High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM). The plasmonic resonance peak at 425 nm ensured the formation of AgNPs. The FTIR analysis showed that the as-synthesized particles contain alcoholic and polyphenolic constituents, which are responsible for their capping and reduction. The HRTEM results revealed spherical shape of AgNPs with size ranging from 25 to 90 nm. The as-synthesized particles demonstrated excellent antibacterial properties against Gram positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The antioxidant applications of the particles were determined with 2,2-diphenyle-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Moreover, the photocatalytic application of the synthesized AgNPs was evaluated for brilliant green dye (BG). The results demonstrated high degradation of BG due to small size and well-dispersed nature of AgNPs. Degradation products of BG were identified to suggest degradation pathways. The eco-toxicity of the BG and constituents derived from the dye were studied with Ecological Structure Activity Relationship (ECOSAR) software