1,336 research outputs found
Brownian-Vacancy Mediated Disordering Dynamics
The disordering of an initially phase segregated system of finite size,
induced by the presence of highly mobile vacancies, is shown to exhibit dynamic
scaling in its late stages.
A set of characteristic exponents is introduced and computed analytically, in
excellent agreement with Monte Carlo data. In particular, the characteristic
time scale, controlling the crossover between increasing disorder and
saturation, is found to depend on the exponent scaling the number of vacancies
in the sample.Comment: 6 pages, typeset using Euro-LaTex, 6 figures, compresse
Getting More from Pushing Less: Negative Specific Heat and Conductivity in Non-equilibrium Steady States
For students familiar with equilibrium statistical mechanics, the notion of a
positive specific heat, being intimately related to the idea of stability, is
both intuitively reasonable and mathematically provable. However, for system in
non-equilibrium stationary states, coupled to more than one energy reservoir
(e.g., thermal bath), negative specific heat is entirely possible. In this
paper, we present a ``minimal'' system displaying this phenomenon. Being in
contact with two thermal baths at different temperatures, the (internal) energy
of this system may increase when a thermostat is turned down. In another
context, a similar phenomenon is negative conductivity, where a current may
increase by decreasing the drive (e.g., an external electric field). The
counter-intuitive behavior in both processes may be described as `` getting
more from pushing less.'' The crucial ingredients for this phenomenon and the
elements needed for a ``minimal'' system are also presented.Comment: 14 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in American Journal of
Physic
Fluctuations and correlations in population models with age structure
We study the population profile in a simple discrete time model of population
dynamics. Our model, which is closely related to certain ``bit-string'' models
of evolution, incorporates competition for resources via a population dependent
death probability, as well as a variable reproduction probability for each
individual as a function of age. We first solve for the steady-state of the
model in mean field theory, before developing analytic techniques to compute
Gaussian fluctuation corrections around the mean field fixed point. Our
computations are found to be in good agreement with Monte-Carlo simulations.
Finally we discuss how similar methods may be applied to fluctuations in
continuous time population models.Comment: 4 page
Comment on `Renormalization-Group Calculation of the Dependence on Gravity of the Surface Tension and Bending Rigidity of a Fluid Interface'
It is shown that the interface model introduced in Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 2369
(2001) violates fundamental symmetry requirements for vanishing gravitational
acceleration , so that its results cannot be applied to critical properties
of interfaces for .Comment: A Comment on a recent Letter by J.G. Segovia-L\'opez and V.
Romero-Roch\'{\i}n, Phys. Rev. Lett.86, 2369 (2001). Latex file, 1 page
(revtex
Anomalous nucleation far from equilibrium
We present precision Monte Carlo data and analytic arguments for an
asymmetric exclusion process, involving two species of particles driven in
opposite directions on a lattice. We propose a scenario which
resolves a stark discrepancy between earlier simulation data, suggesting the
existence of an ordered phase, and an analytic conjecture according to which
the system should revert to a disordered state in the thermodynamic limit. By
analyzing the finite size effects in detail, we argue that the presence of a
single, seemingly macroscopic, cluster is an intermediate stage of a complex
nucleation process: In smaller systems, this cluster is destabilized while
larger systems allow the formation of multiple clusters. Both limits lead to
exponential cluster size distributions which are, however, controlled by very
different length scales.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, one colum
Long Range Correlations in the Disordered Phase of a Simple Three State Lattice Gas
We investigate the dynamics of a three-state stochastic lattice gas,
consisting of holes and two oppositely "charged" species of particles, under
the influence of an "electric" field, at zero total charge. Interacting only
through an excluded volume constraint, particles can hop to nearest neighbour
empty sites. With increasing density and drive, the system orders into a
charge-segregated state. Using a combination of Langevin equations and Monte
Carlo simulations, we study the steady-state structure factors in the
disordered phase where homogeneous configurations are stable against small
harmonic perturbations. They show a discontinuity singularity at the origin
which in real space leads to an intricate crossover between power laws of
different kinds.Comment: 7 RevTeX pages, 1 postscript figure include
Power Spectra of the Total Occupancy in the Totally Asymmetric Simple Exclusion Process
As a solvable and broadly applicable model system, the totally asymmetric
exclusion process enjoys iconic status in the theory of non-equilibrium phase
transitions. Here, we focus on the time dependence of the total number of
particles on a 1-dimensional open lattice, and its power spectrum. Using both
Monte Carlo simulations and analytic methods, we explore its behavior in
different characteristic regimes. In the maximal current phase and on the
coexistence line (between high/low density phases), the power spectrum displays
algebraic decay, with exponents -1.62 and -2.00, respectively. Deep within the
high/low density phases, we find pronounced \emph{oscillations}, which damp
into power laws. This behavior can be understood in terms of driven biased
diffusion with conserved noise in the bulk.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Two-stage high frequency pulse tube cooler for refrigeration at 25 K
A two-stage Stirling-type U-shape pulse tube cryocooler driven by a 10
kW-class linear compressor was designed, built and tested. A special feature of
the cold head is the absence of a heat exchanger at the cold end of the first
stage, since the intended application requires no cooling power at this
intermediate temperature. Simulations where done using Sage-software to find
optimum operating conditions and cold head geometry. Flow-impedance matching
was required to connect the compressor designed for 60 Hz operation to the 40
Hz cold head. A cooling power of 12.9 W at 25 K with an electrical input power
of 4.6 kW has been achieved up to now. The lowest temperature reached is 13.7
K
Spurious phase in a model for traffic on a bridge
We present high-precision Monte Carlo data for the phase diagram of a
two-species driven diffusive system, reminiscent of traffic across a narrow
bridge. Earlier studies reported two phases with broken symmetry; the existence
of one of these has been the subject of some debate. We show that the disputed
phase disappears for sufficiently large systems and/or sufficiently low bulk
mobility.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures, JPA styl
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