574 research outputs found
The , , and other compact states
We study the spectrum and rearrangement decays of S-wave
tetraquark states in a simplified quark model. The masses and widths are
estimated by assuming that the is the lower
tetraquark. Comparing our results with experimental
measurements, we find that the recently observed by LHCb can be
assigned as the lowest tetraquark state and the
could be the second lowest tetraquark.
Predictions of ratios between partial widths for the involved tetraquarks are
given. We call for searches for more tetraquarks with
, , and
Improving mobility of silicon metal-oxide-semiconductor devices for quantum dots by high vacuum activation annealing
To improve mobility of fabricated silicon metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS)
quantum devices, forming gas annealing is a common method used to mitigate the
effects of disorder at the Si/SiO2 interface. However, the importance of
activation annealing is usually ignored. Here, we show that a high vacuum
environment for implantation activation is beneficial for improving mobility
compared to nitrogen atmosphere. Low-temperature transport measurements of Hall
bars show that peak mobility can be improved by a factor of two, reaching 1.5
m^2/(Vs) using high vacuum annealing during implantation activation. Moreover,
the charge stability diagram of a single quantum dot is mapped, with no visible
disturbance caused by disorder, suggesting possibility of fabricating
high-quality quantum dots on commercial wafers. Our results may provide
valuable insights into device optimization in silicon-based quantum computing.Comment: 13 pages, 4 figure
Multiomics and bioinformatics identify differentially expressed effectors in the brain of Toxoplasma gondii infected masked palm civet
IntroductionThe masked palm civet (Paguma larvata) serves as a reservoir in transmitting pathogens, such as Toxoplasma gondii, to humans. However, the pathogenesis of T. gondii infection in masked palm civets has not been explored. We studied the molecular changes in the brain tissue of masked palm civets chronically infected with T. gondii ME49.MethodsThe differentially expressed proteins in the brain tissue were investigated using iTRAQ and bioinformatics.ResultsA total of 268 differential proteins were identified, of which 111 were upregulated and 157 were downregulated. KEGG analysis identified pathways including PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, proteoglycans in cancer, carbon metabolism, T-cell receptor signaling pathway. Combing transcriptomic and proteomics data, we identified 24 genes that were differentially expressed on both mRNA and protein levels. The top four upregulated proteins were REEP3, REEP4, TEP1, and EEPD1, which was confirmed by western blot and immunohistochemistry. KEGG analysis of these 24 genes identified signaling cascades that were associated with small cell lung cancer, breast cancer, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, Wnt signaling pathways among others. To understand the mechanism of the observed alteration, we conducted immune infiltration analysis using TIMER databases which identified immune cells that are associated with the upregulation of these proteins. Protein network analysis identified 44 proteins that were in close relation to all four proteins. These proteins were significantly enriched in immunoregulation and cancer pathways including PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, Notch signaling pathway, chemokine signaling pathway, cell cycle, breast cancer, and prostate cancer. Bioinformatics utilizing two cancer databases (TCGA and GEPIA) revealed that the four genes were upregulated in many cancer types including glioblastoma (GBM). In addition, higher expression of REEP3 and EEPD1 was associated with better prognosis, while higher expression of REEP4 and TEP1 was associated with poor prognosis in GBM patients.DiscussionWe identified the differentially expressed genes in the brain of T. gondii infected masked palm civets. These genes were associated with various cellular signaling pathways including those that are immune- and cancer-related
The mitochondrial alternative oxidase pathway protects the photosynthetic apparatus against photodamage in Rumex K-1 leaves
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>It is known that excess reducing equivalents in the form of NADPH in chloroplasts can be transported via shuttle machineries, such as the malate-oxaloacetate (OAA) shuttle, into the mitochondria, where they are efficiently oxidised by the mitochondrial alternative oxidase (AOX) respiratory pathway. Therefore, it has been speculated that the AOX pathway may protect plants from photoinhibition, but the mechanism by which this protection occurs remains to be elucidated.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The observation that the malate-OAA shuttle activity and the AOX pathway capacity increased markedly after intense light treatment in <it>Rumex </it>K-1 leaves indicates that excess NADPH was transported from the chloroplasts and oxidised by the AOX pathway. The inhibition of the AOX pathway by salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM) caused the over-reduction of the photosystem I (PSI) acceptor side, as indicated by the increases in the extent of reduction of P700<sup>+</sup>. Furthermore, the photosynthetic linear electron flow was restricted, which was indicated by the decreases in the PSII electron transport rate (ETR) and the photosynthetic O<sub>2 </sub>evolution rate. The restriction of the photosynthetic linear electron flow, which generates the thylakoid ΔpH, inevitably decreased the de-epoxidation of the xanthophyll cycle (ΔPRI). Therefore, the induction of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) was suppressed when the AOX pathway was inhibited. The effect of the inhibition of the AOX pathway on NPQ induction was less at 20 mM NaHCO<sub>3 </sub>than at 1 mM NaHCO<sub>3</sub>. The suppression of NPQ induction by the inhibition of the AOX pathway was also observed during the induction phase of photosynthesis. In addition, the inhibition of the AOX pathway increased the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>), suggesting that the AOX pathway functions as an antioxidant mechanism.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The inhibition of the AOX pathway resulted in the rapid accumulation of NADPH in the chloroplasts, which caused the over-reduction of the PSI acceptor side. Furthermore, the restriction of the photosynthetic linear electron flow due to the inhibition of the AOX pathway limited the generation of the thylakoid ΔpH and suppressed the induction of NPQ. Therefore, the mitochondrial AOX pathway protected the photosynthetic apparatus against photodamage by alleviating the over-reduction of the PSI acceptor side and accelerating the induction of NPQ in <it>Rumex </it>K-1 leaves.</p
Case report: Tall cell carcinoma with reversed polarity of the breast: an additional case and review of the literature
ObjectiveThe aim of this report was to comprehensively investigate the clinicopathological features, histological characteristics, and differential diagnosis of tall cell carcinoma with reversed polarity of the breast (TCCRP) to enhance the understanding of this tumour for precise therapeutic interventions.MethodsThe clinicopathological characteristics and differential diagnosis of a patient with TCCRP were retrospectively analysed, and a systematic literature review was extracted from relevant published studies on PubMed.ResultsAll patients included in the study were female, with a median age of 51 years. Microscopically, the tumour cells exhibited a solid papillary growth pattern with tall columnar morphology and reversed nuclear polarity. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the tumours were triple-negative breast cancer (negative for ER, PR, and HER-2), with a low Ki-67 proliferation index. Different degrees of expression were observed for CK7, Calretinin, and S-100 markers; however, CK5/6 showed high expression levels.ConclusionsTCCRP is an uncommon invasive carcinoma subtype found in the breast. Its histological morphology resembles that of tall cell subtype papillary thyroid carcinoma. Accurate diagnosis requires the integration of histomorphological assessment along with immunohistochemistry and molecular genetics analysis
Threshold-independent method for single-shot readout of spin qubits in semiconductor quantum dots
The single-shot readout data process is essential for the realization of
high-fidelity qubits and fault-tolerant quantum algorithms in semiconductor
quantum dots. However, the fidelity and visibility of the readout process is
sensitive to the choice of the thresholds and limited by the experimental
hardware. By demonstrating the linear dependence between the measured spin
state probabilities and readout visibilities along with dark counts, we
describe an alternative threshold-independent method for the single-shot
readout of spin qubits in semiconductor quantum dots. We can obtain the
extrapolated spin state probabilities of the prepared probabilities of the
excited spin state through the threshold-independent method. Then, we analyze
the corresponding errors of the method, finding that errors of the extrapolated
probabilities cannot be neglected with no constraints on the readout time and
threshold voltage. Therefore, by limiting the readout time and threshold
voltage we ensure the accuracy of the extrapolated probability. Then, we prove
that the efficiency and robustness of this method is 60 times larger than that
of the most commonly used method. Moreover, we discuss the influence of the
electron temperature on the effective area with a fixed external magnetic field
and provide a preliminary demonstration for a single-shot readout up to 0.7
K/1.5T in the future.Comment: 18 pages, 6 figure
Flopping-mode spin qubit in a Si-MOS quantum dot
Spin qubits based on silicon metal-oxide semiconductor (Si-MOS) quantum dots
(QDs) are promising platforms for large-scale quantum computers. To control
spin qubits in QDs, electric dipole spin resonance (EDSR) has been most
commonly used in recent years. By delocalizing an electron across a double
quantum dots charge state, flopping-mode EDSR has been realized in Si/SiGe QDs.
Here, we demonstrate a flopping-mode spin qubit in a Si-MOS QD via Elzerman
single-shot readout. When changing the detuning with a fixed drive power, we
achieve s-shape spin resonance frequencies, an order of magnitude improvement
in the spin Rabi frequencies, and virtually constant spin dephasing times. Our
results offer a route to large-scale spin qubit systems with higher control
fidelity in Si-MOS QDs.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
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