4 research outputs found
The Ala/Val Polymorphism of the UCP2 Gene Is Reciprocally Associated with Aerobic and Anaerobic Performance in Athletes
Abstract: Associations between the C/T polymorphism of the UCP2 gene (AlaVal55, rs660339) and aerobic and anaerobic components of physical fitness of athletes were studied. The study involved 168 athletes (46 women and 122 men) engaged in various sports and 98 nonathletes (35 women and 63 men). The athletic performance testing program included the ramp test on a treadmill and the Wingate anaerobic test on a bicycle ergometer. The group of athletes exhibited a tendency towards a higher frequency of carriers of two alleles of βmitochondrial efficiencyβ (UCP2*TT) (Ο2 = 2.53, p = 0.28). Val55 allele associations (T*UCP2) with higher values of functional indicators characterizing the aerobic abilities of athletes were demonstrated, whereas athletes carrying two original Ala55 alleles (UCP2*CC) had better anaerobic abilities. Β© 2018, Pleiades Publishing, Inc
ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌ Π³Π΅Π½Π° UCP2 ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΠΊΠ½ΠΎ Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ Ρ Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π°Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ Ρ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ²
This study investigates associations between C/T polymorphism of the uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) gene (rs660339) and the aerobic and speed-power performance in a group of Russian athletes. The study engaged 168 athletes (46 female and 122 male) from different sports and the control group of nonathletes included 98 subjects (35 female and 63 male). Performance testing program included: ramp test and Wingate anaerobic test. A tendency to increased frequencies of the βmitochondrial efficiencyβ genotype (Π’Π’*UCP2) (Ο2 = 2.53, Ρ = 0.28) were found in the athleteβs cohort. The higher aerobic capacities were associated with the presence of at least one minor Val55 allele (Π’*UCP2), and presence of two original Ala55 alleles were associated (CC*UCP2) with better speed-power capacities.ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΈΡΠΊΡ Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ Π‘/Π’-ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° Π³Π΅Π½Π° UCP2 (AlaVal55, rs660339) Ρ Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΈ Π°Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ². Π ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ 168 ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ² (46 ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½ ΠΈ 122 ΠΌΡΠΆΡΠΈΠ½Ρ), Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°, ΠΈ 98 Π½Π΅ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ² (35 ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½ ΠΈ 63 ΠΌΡΠΆΡΠΈΠ½). ΠΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ° Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π»Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° Π½Π° Π±Π΅Π³ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠΊΠ΅, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΠΈΠ½Π³Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π°Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π½Π° Π²Π΅Π»ΠΎΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅. Π Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ² Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΡ Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π΄Π²ΡΡ
Π°Π»Π»Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ βΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ½Π΄ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈβ (UCP2β*Π’Π’) (Ο2 = 2.53, Ρ = 0.28). ΠΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Val55 Π°Π»Π»Π΅Π»Ρ (Π’*UCP2) Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ, Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ², ΡΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ-Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ Π΄Π²ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
Ala55 Π°Π»Π»Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ (UCP2*CC) ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°Π»ΠΈ Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π°Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ
Patterns of antimicrobial dispensing in community pharmacies in Russia during the COVID-19 pandemic
Objective.
To evaluate the existing patterns of antimicrobials dispensing in community pharmacies during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Materials and Methods.
In a cross-sectional study conducted from October 2020 to January 2021 it was obtained the data on the major antimicrobials dispensing in community pharmacies in Moscow and four regions of Russian Federation: date of release, customerβs age and gender, drug name and formulation, the reason for the release (symptoms, preliminary or confirmed diagnosis), prescription-based supply or not/emergency releasing.
Results.
The study included 71 pharmacies, including 41 private and 30 public organizations. During the mentioned period of time 5514 antimicrobials were supplied to 5270 customers. Antibiotics and antiviral drugs for systemic use accounted the largest share in the structure of purchased antimicrobials (60.5% and 26.3% of all sales, respectively). The frequency of non-prescription-based supplies was 28.5%. The greatest demand among antibiotics was registered for macrolides (14.9%), combinations of penicillins with beta-lactamase inhibitors (12.3%) and fluoroquinolones (11.4%). Upper respiratory tract infections were the most frequent reason for antimicrobials releasing β 36,9%. COVID-19 was the reason for 8.4% of antimicrobials sales. Azithromycin and umifenovir were the most frequently used drugs for SARS-CoV-2.
Conclusions.
Antibiotics for systemic use have still remained the commonly used ones, whereas upper respiratory tract infections are the main indication for their purchase. Nearly a third of antimicrobials, including systemic antibiotics, were dispensed in private pharmacies without prescription. COVID-19 is uncommon cause of outpatient antimicrobial sales, but a common reason for systemic antibiotic prescribing