Linear scalar-on-surface random effects regression models

<p>Many research fields increasingly involve analyzing data of a complex structure. Models investigating the dependence of a response on a predictor have moved beyond the ordinary scalar-on-vector regression. We propose a regression model for a scalar response and a surface (or a bivariate function) predictor. The predictor has a random component and the regression model falls in the framework of linear random effects models. We estimate the model parameters via maximizing the log-likelihood with the ECME (Expectation/Conditional Maximization Either) algorithm. We use the approach to analyze a data set where the response is the neuroticism score and the predictor is the resting-state brain function image. In the simulations we tried, the approach has better performance than two other approaches, a functional principal component regression approach and a smooth scalar-on-image regression approach.</p

Periodic Folded Gold Nanostructures with a Sub-10 nm Nanogap for Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy has emerged as a powerful spectroscopy technique for detection with its capacity for label-free, nondestructive analysis, and ultrasensitive characterization. High-performance surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates with homogeneity and low cost are the key factors in chemical and biomedical analysis. In this study, we propose the technique of atomic force microscopy (AFM) scratching and nanoskiving to prepare periodic folded gold (Au) nanostructures as SERS substrates. Initially, folded Au nanostructures with tunable nanogaps and periodic structures are created through the scratching of Au films by AFM, the deposition of Ag/Au films, and the cutting of epoxy resin, reducing fabrication cost and operational complexity. Periodic folded Au nanostructures show the three-dimensional nanofocusing effect, hotspot effect, and standing wave effect to generate an extremely high electromagnetic field. As a typical molecule to be tested, p-aminothiophenol has the lowest detection limit of up to 10–9 M, owing to the balance between the electromagnetic field energy concentration and the transmission loss in periodic folded Au nanostructures. Finally, by precisely controlling the periods and nanogap widths of the folded Au nanostructures, the synergistic effect of surface plasmon resonance is optimized and shows good SERS properties, providing a new strategy for the preparation of plasmonic nanostructures

The map of averaged CBF across subjects (A) and the overlays of DMN (B & C) and auditory network acquired from cvBOLD and ccBOLD (D & E).

<p>The map of averaged CBF across subjects (A) and the overlays of DMN (B & C) and auditory network acquired from cvBOLD and ccBOLD (D & E).</p

Peak MNI coordinates of the 4 clusters of the paired t-test result of cvBOLD and ccBOLD (p = 0.05, k = 15, FWE-corrected).

<p>Peak MNI coordinates of the 4 clusters of the paired t-test result of cvBOLD and ccBOLD (p = 0.05, k = 15, FWE-corrected).</p

FC results from PCC seed-based analyses showed very similar pattern between conventional BOLD (cvBOLD) (A) and concurrent BOLD (ccBOLD) from ASL data (B).

<p>Only minor differences (C) were observed for conventional BOLD comparing with concurrent BOLD (cvBOLD vs. ccBOLD). Threshold was set as FWE corrected p<0.05.</p

The averaged Dice's similarity coefficients of the 12 RSNs between two BOLD modalities at the individual level.

<p>The averaged Dice's similarity coefficients of the 12 RSNs between two BOLD modalities at the individual level.</p

The Dice's similarity coefficients of the 12 RSNs between two BOLD modalities at the group level.

<p>The Dice's similarity coefficients of the 12 RSNs between two BOLD modalities at the group level.</p

MOESM1 of Two promoters in the esx-3 gene cluster of Mycobacterium smegmatis respond inversely to different iron concentrations in vitro

Additional file 1: Figure S1. (a) Colony PCR confirming the genetic integrity of the WT, ΔMycP3ms, ΔMycP3ms::pr1MycP3ms and ΔMycP3ms::pr2MycP3ms strains. ΔMycP3ms screening primers (Table 1) were used to distinguish between WT and ΔMycP3ms, and the complementation strain generating primers were used to distinguish between ΔMycP3ms::pr1MycP3ms and ΔMycP3ms::pr2MycP3ms (pr1 forward and mycP3 reverse to screen for ΔMycP3ms::pr1MycP3ms, pr2 forward and mycP3 reverse to screen ΔMycP3ms::pr2MycP3ms) (Table 1). M: DNA Marker [1 kb DNA ladder Plus (Fermentas, USA)]; Lane 1: no template control; Lane 2 and 3: WTms (1674 bp); Lane 4 and 5: ΔMycP3ms (251 bp); Lane 6 and 7: ΔMycP3ms::pr1MycP3ms (1684 bp); Lane 8 and 9: ΔMycP3ms::pr2MycP3ms (1509 bp). (b) Average negative log transformed ratio of copy number of transcripts of eccE 3 gene and sigA gene in four strains cultured under normal 7H9 broth (n = 2)

Mean ALFF values extracted from the 12 resting-state networks by ICA analyses.

<p>Significant difference was observed in the primary visual, auditory, DMPFC, salience and limbic network. Error bar represented standard error. * p<0.05.</p

Mean ReHo values extracted from the 12 resting-state networks by ICA analyses.

<p>Significant difference was observed in all RSNs except DMN network. Error bar represented standard error. * p<0.05.</p