Application of wavelet transformation of logging data in sequence stratigraphic division of Cambrian Xixiangchi Group in Central Sichuan Basin

Due to the lack of biological fossils and small changes in lithology and electrical properties of the Cambrian Xixiangchi Group in central Sichuan Basin, it is difficult to accurately divide sequences by using traditional core and logging data.The abrupt points of Th, U and K curves of natural gamma-ray spectrum logging can indicate sequence interface and maximum flooding surface, and their Th/U and Th/K curves can reflect not only the redox environment during deposition, but also the change of sedimentary water body and record the sedimentary cycle.Then multi-scale decomposition is carried out by wavelet transformation technology, and the wavelet curves of different series are obtained.Taking Well GT2 as the main research object, the Th/U curve is decomposed by multi-wave basis, and it is found that Dmeyer wavelet is the best.Combined with the carbon isotope positive drift event, based on the Th/U-d8 analysis of the wavelet curve obtained by wavelet transformation, two kinds of sequence division geological models are summarized, and the Xixiangchi Group is divided into 4 third-order sequences and 8 individual systems tracts. Each third-order sequence is composed of transgression systems tracts and high-stand systems tracts.At the same time, the higher resolution wavelet curves Th/U-d7 and Th/U-d6 curves are selected to finely divide the fourth-order and fifth-order sequences, which are divided into 11 fourth-order sequences and 25 fifth-order sequences, and the relative sea level changes during the sedimentary period are described by third-order sequences and fourth-order sequences respectively.This study is helpful to the fine sequence division of Xixiangchi Group in central Sichuan Basin and promote the study of its sedimentary evolution and reservoir development characteristics

Effects of different planting configurations and clones on biomass and carbon storage of 12-year-old poplar ecosystem in southern China

The main objective of this study was to compare the effects of two densities (278 stems ha-1 with two spacings of 6 m 6 m or 4.5 m 8 m, 400 stems ha-1 with two spacings of 5 m 5 m or 3 m 8 m) and three poplar clones (NL95, NL895, and NL797) on productivity and carbon (C) sequestration of poplar ecosystems. Results showed the planting density significantly affected the biomass of a single tree. Mean tree biomass of NL95 was higher in all spacings than the other clones, with a significant difference for the 6 m 6 m spacing. The biomass of poplar trees ranged from 78.9 to 110.3 Mg ha-1, with the highest tree biomass observed in the square configuration. Soil C concentration (0–100 cm) increased after 12 years of management. Soil C storage ranged from 138.1 to 164.3 Mg C ha-1, and the highest soil C storage was in the NL797 poplar plantation with 6 m 6 m spacing. Our results suggested that NL95 and NL797 clones should be chosen for planting, with a planting density of 278 stems ha-1 and spacing of 6 m 6 m.The accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author

Exercise induced meteorin-like protects chondrocytes against inflammation and pyroptosis in osteoarthritis by inhibiting PI3K/Akt/NF-κB and NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD signaling

The production of metrnl, a novel adipomyokine, is induced upon exercise in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory and antipyroptotic effects of exercise-induced metrnl producted in rats in vitro and in vivo. Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into five groups: control (CG), osteoarthritis (OA) with sedentary lifestyle (OAG), OA with low intensity exercise (OAL), OA with moderate intensity exercise (OAM), and OA with high intensity exercise (OAH). The correlation between the level of metrnl and OA degree was detected using ELISA, X-ray imaging, histology, and immunohistochemistry in vivo. Primary chondrocytes were preincubated with recombinant metrnl before interleukin-1β administration to verify the anti-inflammatory and antipyroptotic effects of metrnl. Western blotting and quantitative reverse transcription (qRT)-PCR were used to evaluate the differences in protein and mRNA expression between groups, respectively. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay, immunofluorescence, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and flow cytometry were used to evaluate morphological changes and pyroptosis in chondrocytes. In the moderate-intensity treadmill exercise group, the severity of OA showed maximum relief and the metrnl levels had the most significant increase. Metrnl exerted its anti-inflammatory effect through the suppression of the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB pathway in IL-1β-induced OA chondrocytes, which was accompanied with the recovery of collagen II expression and the attenuation of MMP13 and ADAMTS5. Moreover, metrnl ameliorated chondrocyte pyroptosis by inhibiting the activation of the nod-like receptor protein-3/caspase-1/gasdermin D cascade. In conclusion, moderate-intensity exercise improves inflammation and pyroptosis by increasing metrnl release, which inhibits the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB and further NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD signaling pathways

Regional unconformities and their controls on hydrocarbon accumulation in Sichuan Basin, SW China

Based on outcrop, seismic and drilling data, the main regional unconformities in the Sichuan Basin and their controls on hydrocarbon accumulation were systematically studied. Three findings are obtained. First, six regional stratigraphic unconformities are mainly developed in the Sichuan Basin, from the bottom up, which are between pre-Sinian and Sinian, between Sinian and Cambrian, between pre-Permian and Permian, between middle and upper Permian, between middle and upper Triassic, and between Triassic and Jurassic. Especially, 16 of 21 conventional (and tight) gas fields discovered are believed to have formed in relation to regional unconformities. Second, regional unconformity mainly controls hydrocarbon accumulation from five aspects: (1) The porosity and permeability of reservoirs under the unconformity are improved through weathering crust karstification to form large-scale karst reservoirs; (2) Good source-reservoir-caprock assemblage can form near the unconformity, which provides a basis for forming large gas field; (3) Regional unconformity may lead to stratigraphic pinch-out and rugged ancient landform, giving rise to a large area of stratigraphic and lithologic trap groups; (4) Regional unconformity provides a dominant channel for lateral migration of oil and gas; and (5) Regional unconformity is conducive to large-scale accumulation of oil and gas. Third, the areas related to regional unconformities are the exploration focus of large gas fields in the Sichuan Basin. The pre-Sinian is found with source rocks, reservoir rocks and other favorable conditions for the formation of large gas fields, and presents a large exploration potential. Thus, it is expected to be an important strategic replacement

Spatiotemporal Variations of Production–Living–Ecological Space under Various, Changing Climate and Land Use Scenarios in the Upper Reaches of Hanjiang River Basin, China

Land is an important resource that supports the production, life, and ecological development of human society. The current research on production–living–ecological space (PLES) is mainly focusing on the identification of single and dominant functions of land space, and the comprehensive spatial function measurement index of PLES (PLESI) is less known in the effective quantitative evaluation of multifunctionality of different land use categories. Integrating the CMIP6 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6) scenario data and the future land use simulation model (FLUS), this research took the upper reaches of the Hanjiang River (URHR) as an example to explore the temporal and spatial variations in land use, PLES, and PLESIs during 2000–2020, and in the SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios from 2021 to 2100. The findings were as follows: (1) Forest land is the most widely distributed type of land; correspondingly, ecological space has the widest distribution area in PLES, followed by production space. (2) The area of dry land and building land increased between 2000 and 2010, accompanied by the increase in living space. From 2010 to 2020, the growth rate of building land tended to slow down while forest land increased, and the conflict of PLES eased. (3) The transfer between forest land and dry land is projected to intensify under the SSP2-4.5 scenario, while it is projected to occur between forest land and grassland under the SSP5-8.5 scenario. As for the changes in PLES, the SSP2-4.5 scenario has a greater impact than the SSP5-8.5 scenario. Spatially, several sub-basins in the northern URHR are the main areas of land use and PLES change. (4) PLESI presents a significant downward trend from 2000 to 2020 while trending upward under the SSP5-8.5 scenario and trending downward slightly under the SSP2-4.5 scenario between 2020 and 2100. Combining climate scenarios and the future land use simulation, this research would support the effective utilization of regional land resources and ecosystem management decision-making

The Bcr-Abl inhibitor DCC-2036 inhibits necroptosis and ameliorates osteoarthritis by targeting RIPK1 and RIPK3 kinases

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic progressive degenerative joint disease. Owing to its complex pathogenesis, OA treatment is typically challenging. Necroptosis is a form of programmed cell death mainly mediated by the serine/threonine kinases, RIPK1 and RIPK3, and mixed lineage kinase-like domain (MLKL). In this study, we found that the multi-targeted kinase inhibitor DCC-2036 can inhibit TSZ (TNF-α, Smac mimetic, and z-VAD-FMK)-induced necroptosis of chondrocytes and synovial fibroblast cells (SFs). In addition, we found that oral DCC-2036 inhibited chondrocyte damage in a rat model of OA induced by intra-articular injection of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA). A mechanistic study showed that DCC-2036 directly inhibited the activities of RIPK1 and RIPK3 kinases to block necroptosis, inhibiting the inflammatory response and protecting chondrocytes. In summary, our research suggests that DCC-2036, a new necroptosis inhibitor targeting RIPK1 and RIPK3 kinase activity, may be useful for the clinical treatment of OA and provides a new direction for the research and treatment of OA

Main controlling factors and genetic mechanism for the development of high-quality reservoirs in the mound-shoal complexes on the platform margin of the intra-cratonic rift: A case study of the fourth member of the Dengying Formation in the eastern limb of Deyang-Anyue intra-cratonic rift, Sichuan Basin, China

Reservoirs of large platform margin mound-shoal complexes of the fourth member of Dengying Formation (Deng 4 Member) are developed in the margin of the Deyang-Anyue intra-cratonic rift in the Sichuan Basin and it is the main pay horizon of the Anyue gas field. A clear understanding of the reservoir genetic mechanism of the mound-shoal complexes is the key to predicting the distribution of high-quality reservoirs and guiding the deployment of exploration. Based on the data of drilling, seismic, outcrop, and analytical data, this paper analyzes the reservoir characteristics and genetic mechanism of the mound-shoal complexes at the margin of the Deng 4 Member and obtains three new understandings: (1) Platform margin mound-shoal reservoirs are developed on the margin of Deyang-Anyue intra-cratonic rift in Sichuan Basin. The mound-shoal complexes are mainly composed of algal mounds and bioclastic shoals in multiple stages. The reservoir space is mainly dissolution pores, caverns, and fractures, with low porosity and low permeability in general. (2) The reservoir can be divided into three types, i.e., the fracture-dissolution pore type, the dissolution pore type, and the matrix pore type, and the reservoirs of fracture-dissolution pore type are high-quality reservoirs; the development of reservoirs is mainly controlled by the platform margin mound-shoal complexes, the penecontemporaneous interstratal karst, and two-stage weathering crust karstification as well as multi-stage disruptive actions; the upper part of the reservoir in the same stage is good, and the reservoir at the top of Deng 4 Member is good. (3) Before the Himalayan movement, the reservoir forming and the environments of the two platform margin mound-shoal complexes were the same, and the characteristics of the formation of the reservoir were similar. The Himalayan movement led to a great difference in the current buried depth of the reservoir, resulting in a host of fractures and retaining a host of dissolution pores and caverns. The whole platform margin mound-shoal complexes have large-scale reservoirs developed and have a good exploration prospect. The results enrich the theory of ancient and deep carbonate reservoir forming and its genetic mechanism and provide the geological basis for the deployment of exploration

Synovium is a sensitive tissue for mapping the negative effects of systemic iron overload in osteoarthritis: identification and validation of two potential targets

Abstract Background The prevention and treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) pose a major challenge in its research. The synovium is a critical tissue in the systematic treatment of OA. The present study aimed to investigate potential target genes and their correlation with iron overload in OA patients. Methods The internal datasets for analysis included the microarray datasets GSE46750, GSE55457, and GSE56409, while the external datasets for validation included GSE12021 and GSE55235. The GSE176308 dataset was used to generate single-cell RNA sequencing profiles. To investigate the expression of the target genes in synovial samples, quantitative reverse transcription-PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemical assay were conducted. ELISA was used to detect the levels of ferritin and Fe2+ in both serum and synovium. Results JUN and ZFP36 were screened from the differentially expressed genes, and their mRNA were significantly reduced in the OA synovium compared to that in normal synovium. Subsequently, complex and dynamically evolving cellular components were observed in the OA synovium. The mRNA level of JUN and ZFP36 differed across various cell clusters of OA synovium and correlated with immune cell infiltration. Moreover, ferritin and Fe2+ were significantly increased in the serum and synovium of OA patients. Further, we found that JUN elevated and ZFP36 decreased at protein level. Conclusions The synovium is a sensitive tissue for mapping the adverse effects of systemic iron overload in OA. JUN and ZFP36 represent potential target genes for attenuating iron overload during OA treatment. Some discrepancies between the transcription and protein levels of JUN suggest that post-transcriptional modifications may be implicated. Future studies should also focus on the roles of JUN and ZFP36 in inducing changes in cellular components in the synovium during OA pathogenesis

Hydrocarbon accumulation in deep ancient carbonate–evaporite assemblages

The Ediacaran–Ordovician strata within three major marine basins (Tarim, Sichuan, and Ordos) in China are analyzed. Based on previous studies focusing on the characteristics of the Neoproterozoic–Cambrian strata within the three major basins (East Siberian, Oman, and Officer in Australian) overseas, the carbonate–evaporite assemblages in the target interval are divided into three types: intercalated carbonate and gypsum salt, interbedded carbonate and gypsum salt, and coexisted carbonate, gypsum salt and clastic rock. Moreover, the concept and definition of the carbonate–evaporite assemblage are clarified. The results indicate that the oil and gas in the carbonate–evaporite assemblage are originated from two types of source rocks: shale and argillaceous carbonate, and confirmed the capability of gypsum salt in the saline environment to drive the source rock hydrocarbon generation. The dolomite reservoirs are classified in two types: gypsum-bearing dolomite flat, and grain shoal & microbial mound. This study clarifies that the penecontemporaneous or epigenic leaching of atmospheric fresh water mainly controlled the large-scale development of reservoirs. Afterwards, burial dissolution transformed and reworked the reservoirs. The hydrocarbon accumulation in carbonate-evaporite assemblage can be categorized into eight sub-models under three models (sub-evaporite hydrocarbon accumulation, supra-evaporite hydrocarbon accumulation, and inter-evaporite hydrocarbon accumulation). As a result, the Cambrian strata in the Tazhong Uplift North Slope, Maigaiti Slope and Mazatag Front Uplift Zone of the Tarim Basin, the Cambrian strata in the eastern-southern area of the Sichuan Basin, and the inter-evaporite Ma-4 Member of Ordovician in the Ordos Basin, China, are defined as favorable targets for future exploration