1,973 research outputs found
Synthetic Topological Degeneracy by Anyon Condensation
Topological degeneracy is the degeneracy of the ground states in a many-body
system in the large-system-size limit. Topological degeneracy cannot be lifted
by any local perturbation of the Hamiltonian. The topological degeneracies on
closed manifolds have been used to discover/define topological order in
many-body systems, which contain excitations with fractional statistics. In
this paper, we study a new type of topological degeneracy induced by condensing
anyons along a line in 2D topological ordered states. Such topological
degeneracy can be viewed as carried by each end of the line-defect, which is a
generalization of Majorana zero-modes. The topological degeneracy can be used
as a quantum memory. The ends of line-defects carry projective non-Abelian
statistics, and braiding them allow us to perform fault tolerant quantum
computations.Comment: 4 pages + references + 3 pages of supplementary material, 2 figures.
reference update
Gene Transfer of Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Inhibits Macrophages and Inflammatory Mediators in Vein Graft Disease
Vein graft disease is a chronic inflammatory disease and limits the late results of coronary revascularization. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) inhibits macrophages infiltrated and inflammatory mediators, we hypothesized that transfected CGRP gene inhibits macrophages infiltrated and inflammatory mediators in vein graft disease. Autologous rabbit jugular vein grafts were incubated ex vivo in a solution of mosaic adeno-associated virus vectors containing CGRP gene (AAV2/1.CGRP) 、escherichia coli lac Z gene (AAV2/1.LacZ) or saline and then interposed in the carotid artery. Intima/media ratio were evaluated at postoperative 4 weeks, Macrophages were marked with CD68 antibody by immunocytochemistry. Inflammatory mediators were mensurated with real-time PCR. Neointimal thickening was significantly suppressed in AAV2/1.CGRP group. Macrophages infiltrated and inflammatory mediators monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1)、tumor necrosis factorα(TNF-α)、inducible nitricoxide synthase (iNOS)、matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) was significantly suppressed in AAV2/1.CGRP group.Gene transfected AAV2/1.CGRP suppressed neointimal hyperplasia in vein graft disease by suppressed macrophages infiltrated and inflammatory mediators
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