Seeding Rate and Row-Spacing Effects on Seed Yield and Yield Components of \u3cem\u3eLeymus chinensis\u3c/em\u3e (Trin.) Tzvel.

Chinese sheepgrass (Leymus chinensis (Trin.) Tzvel.) is widely distributed in the eastern portion of the Inner Mongolian Plateau and the Songnen Grassland of China. This grass is highly salt, cold and drought tolerant and has been the major source of forage for cows and other ruminants in China (Gao et al. 2012). Seed yield of this grass is very low under native conditions because of the low heading percentage and percentage of seed set (Wang et al. 2010). The Hexi Corridor, located in China’s northwestern Gansu Province, is the seed production center of China because of its dry, sunny climate and favorable irrigation conditions. Our field study was conducted to determine the optimum seeding rate and row-spacing for seed production of Chinese sheepgrass in the Hexi Corridor, where this grass has not been previously grown

Three photosynthetic patterns characterized by cluster analysis of gas exchange data in two rice populations

AbstractPlant photosynthetic rate is affected by stomatal status and internal CO2 carboxylation. Understanding which process determines photosynthetic rate is essential for developing strategies for breeding crops with high photosynthetic efficiency. In this study, we identified different physiological patterns of photosynthetic rate in two different rice populations. Photosynthetic gas exchange parameters were measured during the flowering stage in two rice populations. Clustering and correlation analyses were performed on the resulting data. Five or six groups were defined by K-means clustering according to differences in net photosynthetic rates (Pn). According to differences in stomatal conductance (gs) and carboxylation efficiency (CE), each group was clustered into three subgroups characterized by physiological patterns stomatal pattern, carboxylation pattern, and intermediate pattern. Pn was significantly correlated with gs (r=0.810) and CE (r=0.531). Pn was also significantly correlated with gs and CE in the three physiological patterns. The correlation coefficients were highest in the stomatal pattern (0.905 and 0.957) and lowest in the carboxylation pattern (0.825 and 0.859). Higher correlation coefficients between Pn and gs or CE in the three physiological patterns indicate that clustering is very important for understanding factors limiting rice photosynthesis

Real-time Monitoring for the Next Core-Collapse Supernova in JUNO

Core-collapse supernova (CCSN) is one of the most energetic astrophysical events in the Universe. The early and prompt detection of neutrinos before (pre-SN) and during the SN burst is a unique opportunity to realize the multi-messenger observation of the CCSN events. In this work, we describe the monitoring concept and present the sensitivity of the system to the pre-SN and SN neutrinos at the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO), which is a 20 kton liquid scintillator detector under construction in South China. The real-time monitoring system is designed with both the prompt monitors on the electronic board and online monitors at the data acquisition stage, in order to ensure both the alert speed and alert coverage of progenitor stars. By assuming a false alert rate of 1 per year, this monitoring system can be sensitive to the pre-SN neutrinos up to the distance of about 1.6 (0.9) kpc and SN neutrinos up to about 370 (360) kpc for a progenitor mass of 30$M_{\odot}$ for the case of normal (inverted) mass ordering. The pointing ability of the CCSN is evaluated by using the accumulated event anisotropy of the inverse beta decay interactions from pre-SN or SN neutrinos, which, along with the early alert, can play important roles for the followup multi-messenger observations of the next Galactic or nearby extragalactic CCSN.Comment: 24 pages, 9 figure