A Comment on "Cycles and Instability in a Rock-Paper-Scissors Population Game: A Continuous Time Experiment"

The authors (Cason, Friedman and Hopkins, Reviews of Economics Studies, 2014) claimed a result that the treatments (using simultaneous matching in discrete time) replicate previous results that exhibit weak or no cycles. After correct two mathematical mistakes in their cycles tripwire algorithm, we research the cycles by scanning the tripwire in the full strategy space of the games and we find significant cycles missed by the authors. So we suggest that, all of the treatments (using simultaneous matching in discrete time) exhibit significant cycles.Comment: 2 pages, Keywords: experiments, cycles, mixed equilibrium, discrete time. JEL numbers: C72, C73, C92, D8

Automatic single fish detection with a commercial echosounder using YOLO v5 and its application for echosounder calibration

Nowadays, most fishing vessels are equipped with high-resolution commercial echo sounders. However, many instruments cannot be calibrated and missing data occur frequently. These problems impede the collection of acoustic data by commercial fishing vessels, which are necessary for species classification and stock assessment. In this study, an automatic detection and classification model for echo traces of the Pacific saury (Cololabis saira) was trained based on the algorithm YOLO v5m. The in situ measurement value of the Pacific saury was measured using single fish echo trace. Rapid calibration of the commercial echo sounder was achieved based on the living fish calibration method. According to the results, the maximum precision, recall, and average precision values of the trained model were 0.79, 0.68, and 0.71, respectively. The maximum F1 score of the model was 0.66 at a confidence level of 0.454. The living fish calibration offset values obtained at two sites in the field were 116.30 dB and 118.19 dB. The sphere calibration offset value obtained in the laboratory using the standard sphere method was 117.65 dB. The differences between in situ and laboratory calibrations were 1.35 dB and 0.54 dB, both of which were within the normal range

Study on Yield Stress and Thixotropy of Hydroxypropyl Distarch Phosphate Paste

In order to study the yield stress and thixotropic behavior of the hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate (HPDSP) paste, HPDSP respectively derived from corn starch (CS) and waxy corn starch (WS) with different ratios of amylopectin were investigated. The critical mass fractions, yield stress, and thixotropic behavior of HPDSP pastes under various temperatures were studied. The results showed that, the critical mass fractions for the transition of the HPDSP solution at 5 ℃ from dilute to semi-dilute, and from semi-dilute to concentrated were 3wt% and 6wt%, respectively. The yield stress of 5wt% corn starch-hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate (CS-HPDSP) and waxy corn starch-hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate (WS-HPDSP) paste both showed weak correlations with temperature. However, at 6wt% concentration, the yield stress significantly decreased (P<0.05) by 69.52% and 77.95% respectively at 85 ℃. Additionally, the thixotropic behavior of HPDSP was influenced by both mass fraction and temperature. At 5 ℃, 5wt% CS-HPDSP and WS-HPDSP showed limited thixotropy, while at 6wt% of mass fraction, the areas of thixotropic loops of CS-HPDSP and WS-HPDSP were 163.49 and 85.00 Pa/s, respectively, and decreased by 86.38% and 92.18% at 85 ℃, respectively. WS-HPDSP exhibited less thixotropic behavior than CS-HPDSP, and showed better stability in three interval thixotropy test (3iTT). In conclusion, WS-HPDSP showed less yield stress and thixotropy compared with CS-HPDSP. This study provides theoretical supports for practical application of HPDSP as thickening agents in food products

Pollination dynamics in a Platycladus orientalis seed orchard as revealed by partial pedigree reconstruction

Pollination dynamics was studied in a first-generation Platycladus orientalis seed orchard with pedigree reconstruction using 8 nuclear and 4 chloroplast SSRs. The pedigree reconstruction assigned 371 out of studied 448 seeds to one of the orchardsâ 192 candidate male parents and showed high level of outcrossing and pollen contamination in the orchardâ s seed crop. While the orchardâ s seed population showed greater allelic richness compared to the parental population, few alleles present in the parental population were missing in the seed crop. Additionally, we detected no significant correlation between male reproductive energy (pollen yield) and male reproductive success; however, uneven parental contribution was also observed. Pollen management practices were recommended to ensure the maintenance of genetic diversity in the seed crops and increase in genetic gain.The accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author