MeMaHand: Exploiting Mesh-Mano Interaction for Single Image Two-Hand Reconstruction

Existing methods proposed for hand reconstruction tasks usually parameterize a generic 3D hand model or predict hand mesh positions directly. The parametric representations consisting of hand shapes and rotational poses are more stable, while the non-parametric methods can predict more accurate mesh positions. In this paper, we propose to reconstruct meshes and estimate MANO parameters of two hands from a single RGB image simultaneously to utilize the merits of two kinds of hand representations. To fulfill this target, we propose novel Mesh-Mano interaction blocks (MMIBs), which take mesh vertices positions and MANO parameters as two kinds of query tokens. MMIB consists of one graph residual block to aggregate local information and two transformer encoders to model long-range dependencies. The transformer encoders are equipped with different asymmetric attention masks to model the intra-hand and inter-hand attention, respectively. Moreover, we introduce the mesh alignment refinement module to further enhance the mesh-image alignment. Extensive experiments on the InterHand2.6M benchmark demonstrate promising results over the state-of-the-art hand reconstruction methods

Clock Gating Flip-Flop using Embedded XoR Circuitry

Flip flops/Pulsed latches are one of the main contributors of dynamic power consumption. In this paper, a novel flip-flop (FF) using clock gating circuitry with embedded XOR, GEMFF, is proposed. Using post layout simulation with 45nm technology, GEMFF outperforms prior state-of-the-art flip-flop by 25.1% at 10% data switching activity in terms of power consumption

Low-Power Redundant-Transition-Free TSPC Dual-Edge-Triggering Flip-Flop Using Single-Transistor-Clocked Buffer

In the modern graphics processing unit (GPU)/artificial intelligence (AI) era, flip-flop (FF) has become one of the most power-hungry blocks in processors. To address this issue, a novel single-phase-clock dual-edge-triggering (DET) FF using a single-transistor-clocked (STC) buffer (STCB) is proposed. The STCB uses a single-clocked transistor in the data sampling path, which completely removes clock redundant transitions (RTs) and internal RTs that exist in other DET designs. Verified by post-layout simulations in 22 nm fully depleted silicon on insulator (FD-SOI) CMOS, when operating at 10% switching activity, the proposed STC-DET outperforms prior state-of-the-art low-power DET in power consumption by 14% and 9.5%, at 0.4 and 0.8 V, respectively. It also achieves the lowest power-delay-product (PDP) among the DETs

Metabolic Profiling and Transcriptional Analysis of Carotenoid Accumulation in a Red-Fleshed Mutant of Pummelo (<i>Citrus grandis</i>)

Citrus grandis ‘Tomentosa’, commonly known as ‘Huajuhong’ pummelo (HJH), is used in traditional Chinese medicine and can moisten the lungs, resolve phlegm, and relieve coughs. A spontaneous bud mutant, named R-HJH, had a visually attractive phenotype with red albedo tissue and red juice sacs. In this study, the content and composition of carotenoids were investigated and compared between R-HJH and wild-type HJH using HPLC–MS analysis. The total carotenoids in the albedo tissue and juice sacs of R-HJH were 4.03- and 2.89-fold greater than those in HJH, respectively. The massive accumulation of carotenoids, including lycopene, β-carotene and phytoene, led to the attractive red color of R-HJH. However, the contents of flavones, coumarins and most volatile components (mainly D-limonene and γ-terpinene) were clearly reduced in R-HJH compared with wild-type HJH. To identify the molecular basis of carotenoid accumulation in R-HJH, RNA-Seq transcriptome sequencing was performed. Among 3948 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), the increased upstream synthesis genes (phytoene synthase gene, PSY) and decreased downstream genes (β-carotene hydroxylase gene, CHYB and carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase gene, CCD7) might be the key factors that account for the high level of carotenoids in R-HJH. These results will be beneficial for determining the molecular mechanism of carotenoid accumulation and metabolism in pummelo

Comparative Study of the Co-Occurring <i>Alternaria</i> and <i>Colletotrichum</i> Species in the Production of Citrus Leaf Spot

Both of the two citrus diseases, Alternaria brown spot (ABS) and Anthracnose, caused by Alternaria and Colletotrichum spp., respectively, can produce leaf lesions which are hard to differentiate. These two diseases have been confused as causal agents of brown spot for over a decade in China. In this study, citrus leaves with or without brown spot were collected from Zhaoqing, Guangdong and Wanzhou, Chongqing, and were further used for the taxonomic and functional comparisons between the co-occurring Alternaria and Colletotrichum species. In the amplicon sequencing, the average relative abundance and the composition of Alternaria, but not Colletotrichum, increased (from 0.1 to 9.9, p = 0.059; and to 0.7, p p Alternaria sp. F12A and Colletotrichum sp. F12C, from the same brown spot, were proved with different virulence and host response activation to citrus leaves. F12A caused typical symptoms of brown spot with the average spot length expanded to 5 and 6.1 cm, and also altered the citrus global gene expression 48 and 72 h after inoculation. In addition, F12A enriched the expression of genes that were most frequently involved in plant defense. In comparison, F12C caused leaf spot limited to the wounded site, and its milder activation of host response recovered 72 h after inoculation. Our study indicates that the incidence of brown spot in China is caused by Alternaria species, and the ABS should be a fungal disease of major concern on citrus

A low-power high-speed driving circuit for spatial light modulators

This paper describes the design and test of a novel custom driving circuit for multi-quantum-well (MQW) spatial light modulators (SLMs). Unlike previous solutions, we integrated all blocks in one chip to synchronize the control logic circuit and the driving circuits. Single-slope digital-to-analog converters (DACs) inside each pixel are not adopted because it is difficult to eliminate capacitor mismatch. 64 column-shared 8-bit resistorstring DACs are utilized to provide programmable output voltages from 0.5 to 3.8 V. They are located on the top of 64 64 driving pixels tightly to match each other with several dummies. Each DAC performs its conversion in 280 ns and draws 80 A. For a high speed data transfer rate, the system adopts a 2-stage shift register that operates at 50 MHz and the modulating rate achieves 50 K frames/s while dissipating 302 mW from a 5-V supply. The die is fabricated in a 0.35 m CMOS process and its area is 5.5 7 mm2

Adenylyl cyclase is required for cAMP production, growth, conidial germination, and virulence in the citrus green mold pathogen Penicillium digitatum

Penicillium digitatum is the causative agent of green mold decay on citrus fruit. The cAMP-mediated signaling pathway plays an important role in the transduction of extracellular signals and has been shown to regulate a wide range of developmental processes and pathogenicity in fungal pathogens. We cloned and characterized a Pdac1 gene of P. digitatum, which encodes a polypeptide similar to fungal adenylyl cyclases. Using a loss-of-function mutation in the Pdac1 gene we demonstrated a critical requirement for hyphal growth and conidial germination. Deletion of Pdac1 resulted in decreased accumulation of cAMP and down-regulation of genes encoding a G protein α subunit, both catalytic and regulatory subunits of PKA, and two transcriptional regulators StuA and Som1. Fungal mutants lacking Pdac1 produced abundant conidia, which failed to germinate effectively and displayed an elevated sensitivity to heat treatment. Pdac1 mutant failed to utilize carbohydrates effectively and thus displayed severe growth retardation on rich and synthetic media. Slow growth seen in the Pdac1 mutants could be due to a defect in nutrient sensing and acquisition. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that Pdac1 was primarily expressed at the early stage of infection. Fungal pathogenicity assayed on citrus fruit revealed that P. digitatum strains impaired for Pdac1 delayed lesion formation. Our results highlight important regulatory roles of adenylyl cyclase-mediated cAMP production in P. digitatum and provide insights into the critical role of cAMP in fungal growth, development and virulence

A Genomics Based Discovery of Secondary Metabolite Biosynthetic Gene Clusters in <i>Aspergillus ustus</i>

<div><p>Secondary metabolites (SMs) produced by <i>Aspergillus</i> have been extensively studied for their crucial roles in human health, medicine and industrial production. However, the resulting information is almost exclusively derived from a few model organisms, including <i>A. nidulans</i> and <i>A. fumigatus</i>, but little is known about rare pathogens. In this study, we performed a genomics based discovery of SM biosynthetic gene clusters in <i>Aspergillus ustus</i>, a rare human pathogen. A total of 52 gene clusters were identified in the draft genome of <i>A. ustus</i> 3.3904, such as the sterigmatocystin biosynthesis pathway that was commonly found in <i>Aspergillus</i> species. In addition, several SM biosynthetic gene clusters were firstly identified in <i>Aspergillus</i> that were possibly acquired by horizontal gene transfer, including the <i>vrt</i> cluster that is responsible for viridicatumtoxin production. Comparative genomics revealed that <i>A. ustus</i> shared the largest number of SM biosynthetic gene clusters with <i>A. nidulans</i>, but much fewer with other <i>Aspergilli</i> like <i>A. niger</i> and <i>A. oryzae</i>. These findings would help to understand the diversity and evolution of SM biosynthesis pathways in genus <i>Aspergillus</i>, and we hope they will also promote the development of fungal identification methodology in clinic.</p></div