8 research outputs found
Change point analysis of second order characteristics in non-stationary time series
An important assumption in the work on testing for structural breaks in time
series consists in the fact that the model is formulated such that the
stochastic process under the null hypothesis of "no change-point" is
stationary. This assumption is crucial to derive (asymptotic) critical values
for the corresponding testing procedures using an elegant and powerful
mathematical theory, but it might be not very realistic from a practical point
of view.
This paper develops change point analysis under less restrictive assumptions
and deals with the problem of detecting change points in the marginal variance
and correlation structures of a non-stationary time series. A CUSUM approach is
proposed, which is used to test the "classical" hypothesis of the form vs. , where and
denote second order parameters of the process before and after a
change point. The asymptotic distribution of the CUSUM test statistic is
derived under the null hypothesis. This distribution depends in a complicated
way on the dependency structure of the nonlinear non-stationary time series and
a bootstrap approach is developed to generate critical values. The results are
then extended to test the hypothesis of a {\it non relevant change point}, i.e.
, which reflects the fact that
inference should not be changed, if the difference between the parameters
before and after the change-point is small.
In contrast to previous work, our approach does neither require the mean to
be constant nor - in the case of testing for lag -correlation - that the
mean, variance and fourth order joint cumulants are constant under the null
hypothesis. In particular, we allow that the variance has a change point at a
different location than the auto-covariance.Comment: 64 pages, 5 figure
Portable Dual-Modular Immunosensor Constructed from Bimetallic Metal–Organic Framework Heterostructure Grafted with Enzyme-Mimicking Label for Rosiglitazone Detection
Immunosensor with photoelectrochemistry and fluorescence responsibility is widely used in biomedical detection, health monitoring, and food safety inspection. The cumbersome configuration and low integration of the current immunosensors, however, have brought challenges for their practical applications. To address these challenges, a portable and phone-APP controlled dual-modular immunosensor based on a bimetallic metal–organic framework (MOF) heterostructured photoelectrode, ZnO/NiZn-MOF/CdS, grafted with an enzyme-mimicking Au@CuO/Cu2O label is constructed to achieve simultaneous photoelectrochemistry and fluorescence signage. In the electrode design, the construction of a bimetallic NiZn metal–organic framework (NiZn-MOF) into the common ZnO/CdS photoresponsive structure achieves significant and stable photocurrent output under a very low-power LED light source for not only accelerating the transfer of photogenerated electrons from CdS to ZnO, but also stabilizing the holes of CdS to improve its photocorrosion resistance. After the graft of multifunctional enzyme-mimicking Au@CuO/Cu2O label clusters, a portable dual-modular immunosensor is built for the detection of rosiglitazone, a common antidiabetic drug and strictly restricted food residual, over a range from 10−3 to 1 µg L−1. This MOF-based immunosensor offers insights into highly sensitive dual-modular responsive material innovations and provides miniaturized biomedical detectors with promising commercialization potentials.</p