39 research outputs found
Maximal planar scale-free Sierpinski networks with small-world effect and power-law strength-degree correlation
Many real networks share three generic properties: they are scale-free,
display a small-world effect, and show a power-law strength-degree correlation.
In this paper, we propose a type of deterministically growing networks called
Sierpinski networks, which are induced by the famous Sierpinski fractals and
constructed in a simple iterative way. We derive analytical expressions for
degree distribution, strength distribution, clustering coefficient, and
strength-degree correlation, which agree well with the characterizations of
various real-life networks. Moreover, we show that the introduced Sierpinski
networks are maximal planar graphs.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures, accepted by EP
Degree and component size distributions in generalized uniform recursive tree
We propose a generalized model for uniform recursive tree (URT) by
introducing an imperfect growth process, which may generate disconnected
components (clusters). The model undergoes an interesting phase transition from
a singly connected network to a graph consisting of fully isolated nodes. We
investigate the distributions of degree and component sizes by both theoretical
predictions and numerical simulations. For the nontrivial cases, we show that
the network has an exponential degree distribution while its component size
distribution follows a power law, both of which are related to the imperfect
growth process. We also predict the growth dynamics of the individual
components. All analytical solutions are successfully contrasted with computer
simulations.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
Random walks on the Apollonian network with a single trap
Explicit determination of the mean first-passage time (MFPT) for trapping
problem on complex media is a theoretical challenge. In this paper, we study
random walks on the Apollonian network with a trap fixed at a given hub node
(i.e. node with the highest degree), which are simultaneously scale-free and
small-world. We obtain the precise analytic expression for the MFPT that is
confirmed by direct numerical calculations. In the large system size limit, the
MFPT approximately grows as a power-law function of the number of nodes, with
the exponent much less than 1, which is significantly different from the
scaling for some regular networks or fractals, such as regular lattices,
Sierpinski fractals, T-graph, and complete graphs. The Apollonian network is
the most efficient configuration for transport by diffusion among all
previously studied structure.Comment: Definitive version accepted for publication in EPL (Europhysics
Letters
Determining global mean-first-passage time of random walks on Vicsek fractals using eigenvalues of Laplacian matrices
The family of Vicsek fractals is one of the most important and
frequently-studied regular fractal classes, and it is of considerable interest
to understand the dynamical processes on this treelike fractal family. In this
paper, we investigate discrete random walks on the Vicsek fractals, with the
aim to obtain the exact solutions to the global mean first-passage time
(GMFPT), defined as the average of first-passage time (FPT) between two nodes
over the whole family of fractals. Based on the known connections between FPTs,
effective resistance, and the eigenvalues of graph Laplacian, we determine
implicitly the GMFPT of the Vicsek fractals, which is corroborated by numerical
results. The obtained closed-form solution shows that the GMFPT approximately
grows as a power-law function with system size (number of all nodes), with the
exponent lies between 1 and 2. We then provide both the upper bound and lower
bound for GMFPT of general trees, and show that leading behavior of the upper
bound is the square of system size and the dominating scaling of the lower
bound varies linearly with system size. We also show that the upper bound can
be achieved in linear chains and the lower bound can be reached in star graphs.
This study provides a comprehensive understanding of random walks on the Vicsek
fractals and general treelike networks.Comment: Definitive version accepted for publication in Physical Review
Vertex labeling and routing in expanded Apollonian networks
We present a family of networks, expanded deterministic Apollonian networks,
which are a generalization of the Apollonian networks and are simultaneously
scale-free, small-world, and highly clustered. We introduce a labeling of their
vertices that allows to determine a shortest path routing between any two
vertices of the network based only on the labels.Comment: 16 pages, 2 figure
Trapping in scale-free networks with hierarchical organization of modularity
A wide variety of real-life networks share two remarkable generic topological
properties: scale-free behavior and modular organization, and it is natural and
important to study how these two features affect the dynamical processes taking
place on such networks. In this paper, we investigate a simple stochastic
process--trapping problem, a random walk with a perfect trap fixed at a given
location, performed on a family of hierarchical networks that exhibit
simultaneously striking scale-free and modular structure. We focus on a
particular case with the immobile trap positioned at the hub node having the
largest degree. Using a method based on generating functions, we determine
explicitly the mean first-passage time (MFPT) for the trapping problem, which
is the mean of the node-to-trap first-passage time over the entire network. The
exact expression for the MFPT is calculated through the recurrence relations
derived from the special construction of the hierarchical networks. The
obtained rigorous formula corroborated by extensive direct numerical
calculations exhibits that the MFPT grows algebraically with the network order.
Concretely, the MFPT increases as a power-law function of the number of nodes
with the exponent much less than 1. We demonstrate that the hierarchical
networks under consideration have more efficient structure for transport by
diffusion in contrast with other analytically soluble media including some
previously studied scale-free networks. We argue that the scale-free and
modular topologies are responsible for the high efficiency of the trapping
process on the hierarchical networks.Comment: Definitive version accepted for publication in Physical Review
Random Sierpinski network with scale-free small-world and modular structure
In this paper, we define a stochastic Sierpinski gasket, on the basis of
which we construct a network called random Sierpinski network (RSN). We
investigate analytically or numerically the statistical characteristics of RSN.
The obtained results reveal that the properties of RSN is particularly rich, it
is simultaneously scale-free, small-world, uncorrelated, modular, and maximal
planar. All obtained analytical predictions are successfully contrasted with
extensive numerical simulations. Our network representation method could be
applied to study the complexity of some real systems in biological and
information fields.Comment: 7 pages, 9 figures; final version accepted for publication in EPJ
Transition from fractal to non-fractal scalings in growing scale-free networks
Real networks can be classified into two categories: fractal networks and
non-fractal networks. Here we introduce a unifying model for the two types of
networks. Our model network is governed by a parameter . We obtain the
topological properties of the network including the degree distribution,
average path length, diameter, fractal dimensions, and betweenness centrality
distribution, which are controlled by parameter . Interestingly, we show
that by adjusting , the networks undergo a transition from fractal to
non-fractal scalings, and exhibit a crossover from `large' to small worlds at
the same time. Our research may shed some light on understanding the evolution
and relationships of fractal and non-fractal networks.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures, definitive version accepted for publication in
EPJ
Topologies and Laplacian spectra of a deterministic uniform recursive tree
The uniform recursive tree (URT) is one of the most important models and has
been successfully applied to many fields. Here we study exactly the topological
characteristics and spectral properties of the Laplacian matrix of a
deterministic uniform recursive tree, which is a deterministic version of URT.
Firstly, from the perspective of complex networks, we determine the main
structural characteristics of the deterministic tree. The obtained vigorous
results show that the network has an exponential degree distribution, small
average path length, power-law distribution of node betweenness, and positive
degree-degree correlations. Then we determine the complete Laplacian spectra
(eigenvalues) and their corresponding eigenvectors of the considered graph.
Interestingly, all the Laplacian eigenvalues are distinct.Comment: 7 pages, 1 figures, definitive version accepted for publication in
EPJ