NODI: Out-Of-Distribution Detection with Noise from Diffusion

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is a crucial part of deploying machine learning models safely. It has been extensively studied with a plethora of methods developed in the literature. This problem is tackled with an OOD score computation, however, previous methods compute the OOD scores with limited usage of the in-distribution dataset. For instance, the OOD scores are computed with information from a small portion of the in-distribution data. Furthermore, these methods encode images with a neural image encoder. The robustness of these methods is rarely checked with respect to image encoders of different training methods and architectures. In this work, we introduce the diffusion process into the OOD task. The diffusion model integrates information on the whole training set into the predicted noise vectors. What's more, we deduce a closed-form solution for the noise vector (stable point). Then the noise vector is converted into our OOD score, we test both the deep model predicted noise vector and the closed-form noise vector on the OOD benchmarks \cite{openood}. Our method outperforms previous OOD methods across all types of image encoders (Table. \ref{main}). A $3.5\%$ performance gain is achieved with the MAE-based image encoder. Moreover, we studied the robustness of OOD methods by applying different types of image encoders. Some OOD methods failed to generalize well when switching image encoders from ResNet to Vision Transformers, our method performs exhibits good robustness with all the image encoders

戴希朱(1850-1918):清末民初地方士绅的一个生存模式 = DAI XIZHU (1850-1918): A survival model of local gentry in late Qing and early Republic of China

Master'sMASTER OF ART

InstructSeq: Unifying Vision Tasks with Instruction-conditioned Multi-modal Sequence Generation

Empowering models to dynamically accomplish tasks specified through natural language instructions represents a promising path toward more capable and general artificial intelligence. In this work, we introduce InstructSeq, an instruction-conditioned multi-modal modeling framework that unifies diverse vision tasks through flexible natural language control and handling of both visual and textual data. InstructSeq employs a multimodal transformer architecture encompassing visual, language, and sequential modeling. We utilize a visual encoder to extract image features and a text encoder to encode instructions. An autoregressive transformer fuses the representations and generates sequential task outputs. By training with LLM-generated natural language instructions, InstructSeq acquires a strong comprehension of free-form instructions for specifying visual tasks. This provides an intuitive interface for directing capabilities using flexible natural instructions. Without any task-specific tuning, InstructSeq achieves compelling performance on semantic segmentation, referring expression segmentation/comprehension, and image captioning. The flexible control and multi-task unification empower the model with more human-like versatility and generalizability for computer vision. The code will be released soon at https://github.com/rongyaofang/InstructSeq.Comment: 10 page

Los sitios arqueológicos orientales y la composición de sus comunidades locales : el pensamiento práctico de los grandes yacimientos de Xi’an

Xi’an was chosen as capital city by 13 Chinese dynasties and regimes means a crucial area for Chinese history and the oriental civilization. Massive earthen and wooden structure archeological sites were preserved, underneath characterized which with large areas, significant value and hardly decipherable. In recent years, along with the urbanization and social and economic development, Xi’an has faced more pressure and challenge of cultural heritage conservation, and has explored several experiments to settle down these conflicts. In this situation, IICC-X was kept his eyes on the discussions and research of measures and methods for the protection and management of the large monuments and sites in Xi’an. This paper examines four different physical types of archeological sites in Xi’an, which are large cross-district archeological site of Chang’an city of Han Dynasty, large district archeological site of Daming Palace in Chang’an City of Tang Dynasty, discontinuous lineal archeological site of City Wall of Sui and Tang Dynasty and single archeological site of West Market of Chang’an City of Tang Dynasty. Through analyzing the current protection and management pressure, archaeological results and conservation project and the composition of local community, the author would like point out the relation between the oriental archeological sites and its local communities. Through case study, it comes clear that the promotion of conservation of archeological sites could increase identifiability of the site, which will encourage awareness of heritage for local residents, and provide the local communities’ cultural function, and brings up the cultural identity and cultural belonging of the region. Meanwhile, the consciousness and responsibility for cultural heritage conservation by local communities would be a positive and fundamental power to drive and supervise theconservation. As a conclusion, the oriental earthen and wooden archeological sites experienced thousand years of history and under grounded, which are hardly to decipherable. Hence, the residents from the sites local communities are very week to link their cultural identification and cultural belonging to the cultural heritage. The cultural heritage conservation and interpretation project should become a positive way to improve the relationship between the oriental archaeological sites and their local communities. But when the conservation works were carrying out, the local community must be faced a process of adjustment due to physical changing of the sites, and this changing will be a positive to the forming of the cultural identification of the local community if it is in a appropriate way.Xian fue elegida como ciudad capital por 13 dinastías y regímenes chinos y significa un área crucial para la historia de China y la civilización oriental. Fueron preservados sitios arqueológicos de enormes estructura de madera y tierra, caracterizados con grandes espacios por debajo, y con un valor significativo apenas descifrado. En los últimos años, junto con la urbanización y el desarrollo social y económico, Xian se ha enfrentado a más presión y a desafíos de la conservación del patrimonio cultural y ha explorado varias soluciones a estos conflictos. En esta situación, IICC-X se prestó atención a las discusiones y la investigación de medidas y métodos para la protección y el manejo de los grandes monumentos y sitios de Xian. Este documento examina cuatro lugares físicos diferentes de sitios arqueológicos en Xi ‘ an, que son el sitio arqueológico de la ciudad de Chang’an de la dinastía de Han; el sitio arqueológico de Daming Palace en la ciudad de Chang’an de la dinastía Tang; sitio arqueológico lineal discontinuo de Pared de ciudad de Sui y la dinastía Tang y el sitio arqueológico único del mercado oeste de la ciudad de Chang’an de la dinastía Tang. A través del análisis de la protección actual y el esfuerzo de gestión, los resultados arqueológicos y el proyecto de conservación junto con la composición de la comunidad local, el autor desea señalar la relación entre los sitios arqueológicos orientales y sus comunidades locales. A través del estudio de caso, resulta claro que la promoción de la conservación de sitios arqueológicos podría aumentar la identificabilidad del sitio, fomentando la conciencia de patrimonio para los residentes locales y proporcionando una función cultural con las comunidades locales, y la identidad cultural y pertenencia cultural de la región. Mientras tanto, la conciencia y la responsabilidad para la conservación del patrimonio cultural de las comunidades locales sería un poder positivo y fundamental para conducir y supervisar la conservación. Como conclusión, los sitios arqueológicos de tierra y madera orientales han vivido miles años de historia bajo tierra, y apenas han sido descifrados. Por lo tanto, los residentes de las comunidades locales de los sitios difícilmente pueden vincular su identificación y pertenencia cultural con ése patrimonio cultural. El proyecto de conservación e interpretación del patrimonio cultural debe convertirse en una forma positiva para mejorar la relación entre los yacimientos orientales y sus comunidades locales. Pero cuando estaban realizando las obras de conservación, la comunidad local debe enfrentar un proceso de ajuste debido al cambio físico de los sitios y este cambio será positivo para la formación de la identificación cultural de la comunidad local si se trata de una manera apropiada.Depto. de Prehistoria, Historia Antigua y ArqueologíaFac. de Geografía e HistoriaTRUEMinisterio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO)pu

Comparison of chemotherapy and chidamide combined with chemotherapy in patients with untreated angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma

BackgroundAngioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) is characterized by high recurrence rates and poor prognosis, and effective first-line treatment is lacking. Recently, histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi), such as chidamide, have been found to induce durable remissions in AITL patients.MethodsPatients with untreated AITL from March 2015 to March 2023 were retrospectively collected and divided into chemotherapy (ChT) group and chidamide combined with chemotherapy (C-ChT) group based on the first-line treatment received. The comparison of efficacy and safety between the two groups was conducted.Results86 patients with newly diagnosed AITL were enrolled, in which 35 patients were in the ChT group and 51 in the C-ChT group. The objective response rate (ORR) of C-ChT group was significantly higher than that of ChT group (84.3% vs. 60%, P= 0.011), and had superior progression-free survival (PFS) (27 months vs. 12 months, P= 0.025). However, no significant difference in overall survival (OS) was observed between the two groups (P= 0.225). In addition, the responding patients who received autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) had superior PFS compared to those who did not (P= 0.015).ConclusionsCompared with ChT regimen, C-ChT regimen was well tolerated and had superior ORR and PFS in patients with untreated AITL. ASCT may contribute to longer PFS in remission patients

The Sustainable Development of Street Texture of Historic and Cultural Districts―A Case Study in Shichahai District, Beijing

This paper explores the sustainable development of historic and cultural districts based on the case study of the Shichahai District in Beijing, China. By using the space syntax method, this paper traces the changing street texture of the Shichahai District during the Yuan period, the Ming period, the Qing period, and the current period. It attempts to examine (1) the characteristics of the traditional street structure of Old Beijing; (2) the major changes of street fabric and their causes during the historical periods; and (3) the impacts of modern land use pattern on urban street structure. This research finds that the main street texture remains relatively stable in the Shichahai District. However, the increasing dependence on cars in Beijing decreases street vitality in general. But the combination of pedestrian and community-level commercial streets helps enhancing the liveliness of historic and cultural districts, which further promotes the preservation and development of these neighborhoods

Distributed algorithm for achieving finite-time minimum l1 norm solutions of linear equation

Abstract— This paper proposes a distributed algorithm for multi-agent networks to achieve a minimum l1-norm solution to a linear equation Ax = b where A has full row rank. When the underlying network is undirected and fixed, it is proved that the proposed algorithm drive all agents’ individual states to converge in finite-time to the same minimum l1-norm solution. Numerical simulations are also provided as validation of the proposed algorithms