The Comparative Study of Anger Metaphors between English and Chinese

Conceptual metaphor is an important theory of cognitive linguistics, and the essence of it is to construct one concept by another, and human cognition cannot be separated from metaphor. Using this theory, this paper studies the metaphorical thinking of anger expression in English and Chinese based on the analysis of anger metaphor by Lakoff and Johnson, sums up the similarities and differences of anger expression in English and Chinese, and analyzes the reasons for differences. The study found that in the metaphor of anger, both English and Chinese are represented by natural forces, animals, fire, substances in containers, etc. But the difference is that Chinese use viscera, animal names, gas and so on to conceptualize angry emotions. These similarities are derived from the same physiological basis and similar cognitive style, and the difference between the two languages in expressing anger is due to their different cultural backgrounds. This study contributes to language teaching, language research, and cross-cultural communication, and promotes language learners’ learning of metaphor as well as language culture

SmartUnit: Empirical Evaluations for Automated Unit Testing of Embedded Software in Industry

In this paper, we aim at the automated unit coverage-based testing for embedded software. To achieve the goal, by analyzing the industrial requirements and our previous work on automated unit testing tool CAUT, we rebuild a new tool, SmartUnit, to solve the engineering requirements that take place in our partner companies. SmartUnit is a dynamic symbolic execution implementation, which supports statement, branch, boundary value and MC/DC coverage. SmartUnit has been used to test more than one million lines of code in real projects. For confidentiality motives, we select three in-house real projects for the empirical evaluations. We also carry out our evaluations on two open source database projects, SQLite and PostgreSQL, to test the scalability of our tool since the scale of the embedded software project is mostly not large, 5K-50K lines of code on average. From our experimental results, in general, more than 90% of functions in commercial embedded software achieve 100% statement, branch, MC/DC coverage, more than 80% of functions in SQLite achieve 100% MC/DC coverage, and more than 60% of functions in PostgreSQL achieve 100% MC/DC coverage. Moreover, SmartUnit is able to find the runtime exceptions at the unit testing level. We also have reported exceptions like array index out of bounds and divided-by-zero in SQLite. Furthermore, we analyze the reasons of low coverage in automated unit testing in our setting and give a survey on the situation of manual unit testing with respect to automated unit testing in industry.Comment: In Proceedings of 40th International Conference on Software Engineering: Software Engineering in Practice Track, Gothenburg, Sweden, May 27-June 3, 2018 (ICSE-SEIP '18), 10 page

The Study of Opening and Closing of Conversations in Oral English Textbooks

Language communication ability refers to the ability to use language in society. The acquisition of this ability by second language learners mostly relies on textbook dialogues adapted from real-life conversations. Therefore, whether scripted textbook conversations can help improve second language learners’ language communication ability should be taken seriously by the academic circle. This paper has analyzed all the conversational texts in the book Functioning in an Intercultural Community, using book1 and book2 as corpus and finds that there are deficiencies in the opening and closing of the conversation in the textbook. This study suggests that textbook compilers should improve the completeness, diversity, and colloquialism of the beginning and end of conversations, and teachers appropriately extend the form of the opening and closing of the conversation during the teaching process

Research on Fuzzy Evaluation of Land Environmental Security in Three Provinces of Northeast China

Among the world’s most important three chief black lands, China’s northeast region is a vital hub for the commercial extraction of grain, undertaking the task of grain reserves and special transfers. Utilizing the provincial data of the three northeastern provinces from 2010 to 2021, and using existing documents and records as essential elements, we structured a land security appraisal system with five criterion layers and 21 indicator layers of pressure, state, impact, response, and management. The three provinces in the northeast were evaluated for the security of their land resources using the entropy-dependent weight-TOPSIS pattern. The study findings indicate that: (1) In general, land resource security of the three northeastern provinces shows a pattern of decline followed by a gradual increase from 2012 to 2021, and there is a steady improvement in the level of land’s ecological stability; (2) There are differences in the ecological stability of the soil across cities and provinces, with Heilongjiang Province having the best land security status and Liaoning Province having the worst; (3) The amount of soil erosion in tiny watersheds is the indicator that has the biggest influence on land ecological stability in the three provinces in the northeast; (4) The response layer is the criterion layer that has the strongest correlation with land ecological safety