Ammonia and salinity tolerance of Penaeus monodon across eight breeding families

© 2016 Chen et al. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.Ammonia nitrogen and salinity tolerance of Penaeus monodon from eight selected breeding families were evaluated at the concentration of 67.65 mg L−1 ammonia-N and reducing salinity from 15 to 0 ‰. The final survival of family A (88.67 ± 9.81 %) was highest, and the final survival of family B was lowest (24.33 ± 14.01 %) after the ammonia tolerance test. Upon completing the sudden drop salinity test from 15 to 0 ‰, the highest survival was observed in family B (98.00 ± 1.73 %), and the lowest survival was found in family H (18.00 ± 1.73 %). Family A showed the strongest ability to tolerate ammonia stress, and family B showed the strongest tolerance to low salinity. This study suggests that the tolerance of salinity and ammonia nitrogen varied between breeding families. Results from the present study provide useful information towards selective breeding in shrimp in aquaculture for environmental tolerance

Complete mitochondrial genome of Metapenaeus affinis (H. Milne Edwards, 1837) and Metapenaeus ensis (De Haan, 1844)

Penaeid shrimp is one of the marine germplasm resources in tropical and subtropical regions. To better understand shrimp germplasm resources and develop cultured shrimp species, the complete mitochondrial genome of Metapenaeus affinis and Metapenaeus ensis was assembled. The length of M. affinis and M. ensis mitochondrial sequences is 15,957 and 15,943, respectively. Both mitochondrial sequences contain 13 protein coding, 22 tRNA, and two rRNA genes. The GC content of the genome was 34.23% and 34.12% in M. affinis and M. ensis, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the M. affinis and M. ensis are closely related, and assigned to a branch of Metapenaeus. We assembled and published the mitochondrial genome sequences of these two species, which will provide important information for the research and utilization of shrimp germplasm resources

Length–weight relationship and condition factor of giant tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon (Fabricius, 1798) from four breeding families

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.Background: Length–weight relationships and condition factors of giant tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon (Fabricius, 1798) from four breeding families (family S: South China seas family, family A: African family, family SA: ♂ South China seas family × ♀ Africa family, family AS: ♂ Africa family × ♀ South China seas family) were evaluated in this study. Findings and conclusion: Length–weight relationships can be expressed as W = 0.0239BL2.789 (R2 = 0.8977) in family S, W = 0.0206BL2.9107 (R2 = 0.9107) in family A, W = 0.0211BL2.831 (R2 = 0.8869) in family SA, and W = 0.0249BL2.781 (R2 = 0.9159) in family AS. The growth of P. monodon from four breeding families follows a negative allometric trend. Fulton’s body condition factor (K) was not significantly different in males, while in females, the highest K (3.07) was observed in family AS, and the lowest K was found in family A (1.88). Results from the present study indicate that the cross group family AS (♂ Africa family × ♀ South China seas family) has obvious heterosis in females. This may suggest that the direction of further breeding of P. monodon, should be conducted by using Africa family as male parent, and South China seas family as female parent. Results from the present study will provide valuable information on selective breeding in P. monodon. Methodology used in the present study can also be applied in other similar species

Association analysis of alpha-amylase (AMY) and cathepsin L (CTSL) SNPs with growth traits in giant tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon

Alpha-amylase (AMY) and cathepsin-L (CTSL) were selected as candidate genes for SNP discovery for growth traits of P. monodon. Six SNPs were found in AMY and three in CTSL in P. monodon. Association analyses for the candidate SNPs with important economic traits were performed in populations. That allele A at CTLS-213 SNP, AA, and GA, tended to be associated with increased body weight. Shrimps with genotype GG had significantly smaller CL, CW, and CH values than those with GT and TT genotypes (P < 0.05). While CTLS-820 SNP was found to be significantly associated with CH and FSL (P <0.05). These SNPs will be valid for marker-assisted selection breeding programs in P. monodon

Relationship between self-care compliance, trust, and satisfaction among hypertensive patients in China

IntroductionHypertension is a growing public health concern worldwide. It is a leading risk factor for all-cause mortality and may lead to complications such as cardiovascular disease, stroke, and kidney failure. Poor compliance of hypertensive patients is one of the major barriers to controlling high blood pressure. Compliance is not ideal among Chinese patients, and increasing patient self-care compliance with hypertension is necessary.MethodsThis article analyzes the status of self-care compliance, trust, and satisfaction among Chinese hypertensive patients using cross-sectional data from Zhejiang Province. We use a multi-group structural equation model (MGSEM) to compare the interrelationships across genders.ResultsThe study's findings show that the average trust, satisfaction, and compliance scores are 3.92 ± 0.55, 3.98 ± 0.61, and 3.33 ± 0.41, respectively. Female patients exhibit higher average total scores for trust and compliance than male patients. The SEM results indicate that trust has a direct positive association with compliance [β = 0.242, 95% CI: (0.068, 0.402)] and satisfaction [β = 0.260, 95% CI: (0.145, 0.367)], while their satisfaction is not directly associated with compliance. The results of MGSEM show that trust has an indirect effect on compliance in the male group through satisfaction [β = 0.051, P &lt; 0.05, 95% CI: (0.012, 0.116)]. In the female group, trust has a direct effect on satisfaction [β = 0.235, P &lt; 0.05, 95% CI: (0.041, 0.406)] and compliance [β = 0.319, P &lt; 0.01, 95% CI: (0.086, 0.574)].DiscussionThis study reveals the mechanisms of self-care compliance, trust, and satisfaction among Chinese hypertensive patients. Its findings may serve as a reference for guiding primary healthcare providers to improve hypertension patients' compliance and implement gender-targeted health interventions

Molecular Cloning and Expression Analysis of Cyclin H from Black Tiger Shrimp (Penaeus monodon)

Cyclin H is an important cell protein that plays a crucial role in cell division. In the present study, the cDNA of cyclin H (designated as Pmcyclin H) was identified from black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) by expressed sequence tag (EST) analysis, and RACE techniques. The full length cDNA of Pmcyclin H is 1280bp, including a 5’-terminal un-translated region (5’UTR) of 63 bp, a 3’UTR of 218 bp with a poly (A) tail, and an open reading frame (ORF) of 999 bp encoding a polypeptide of 332 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 39 kDa, predicted pI of 6.39. Both Blast, and phylogenetic analysis, confirmed that Pmcyclin H is a new member of the shrimp cyclin H family. Using real-time PCR the mRNA expression of Pmcyclin H in eight tissues was examined, and mRNA transcript of Pmcyclin H was predominantly detectable in ovarian tissue, and to a lesser degree in the tissues of intestine, testis, stomach, and heart, but almost undetectable in the tissues of liver (hepar), brain, and muscle. The temporal expression of Pmcyclin H in different developmental stages of the ovaries was investigated by real-time PCR. During the six stages of ovarian development, one peak expression of Pmcyclin H was detected in stage II. All these results indicated that Pmcyclin H might be involved in the regulation of cell cycle and ovarian development of P. monodon

Molecular Analysis of a Selenoprotein M Gene from Penaeus monodon and its Expression at Different Ovarian Stages of Development

In the present study, a Selenoprotein M (SelM) gene was obtained from the ovary and neurosecretory organ in eyestalk cDNA library of Penaeus monodon. Its cDNA sequence consisted of 901 nucleotides including an open reading frame (ORF) 396bp. The open reading frame encoded a peptide of 131 amino acids. Putative SECIS element stem-loop structure of PmSelM mRNA was predicted by SECISearch software. Like the SECIS elements in vertebrate selenoprotein mRNAs, PmSelM SECIS element contains several highly conserved sequences, including a quartet containing non-Watson-Crick base pairs (5′-UGAN and NGAN-3′), and an unpaired AA motif in the apical loop that is separated from the quartet by 11 nucleotides. Analysis of the tissue expression pattern of the PmSelM gene showed that the PmSelM mRNA was expressed in all tested tissues however there was a considerable difference in level of expression in the tissues. High expression levels were observed in the ovary and hepatopancreas of both female and male P. mondon respectively. The expression of PmSelM increased significantly from stage 1 ovary to stage 2-4 ovaries, which belong to rapid development stage ovaries, followed by a significant decrease in the stage 5 ovary (mature ovary). The results indicated PmSelM might play an important role in ovarian development

Variation of bacterial communities in black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) with different growth performances

The intestinal bacteria of aquatic animals are closely related to their health and growth status. Penaeus monodon has become an important aquaculture species in the world because of its high nutritional value and market to demand. However, knowledge of bacterial communities on the growth phenotype of P. monodon is still limited. In this research, the bacterial community were comprehensively analyzed by using Miseq sequencing technology and bioinformatics. The results indicated that 29 phyla and 468 genera were identified by the taxonomic sequence. The data showed that the composition of microbial community was statistically different to fast-growing shrimps and slow-growing shrimps. There were significant differences in intestinal bacteria at the genus level. Lactococcus, Limnothrix, and Arthrospira had more abundance in the gut of fast-growing shrimps, which may promote the growth of P. monodon by affecting enzyme activities and improving immune response. Nautella, Shimia, Pseudoalteromonas, Aliiroseovarius, Albimonas, Tessaracoccus had more abundance in the gut of slow-growing shrimps. Nautella had the ability to express virulence by stimulated by environmental factors, thereby increasing the susceptibility to infection, which may have a negative impact on healthy growth of shrimps. Pseudoalteromonas, Aliiroseovarius and Shimia were related to the pathogenicity of shrimp, which may be an important factor affecting the growth of shrimp. Overall, this study demonstrates that the bacterial community associated with P. monodon was variation on different growth performance. These results can provide information on microbiome characteristics involved in the asynchronous growth of shrimp

Phase Error Correction for Approximated Observation-Based Compressed Sensing Radar Imaging

Defocus of the reconstructed image of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) occurs in the presence of the phase error. In this work, a phase error correction method is proposed for compressed sensing (CS) radar imaging based on approximated observation. The proposed method has better image focusing ability with much less memory cost, compared to the conventional approaches, due to the inherent low memory requirement of the approximated observation operator. The one-dimensional (1D) phase error correction for approximated observation-based CS-SAR imaging is first carried out and it can be conveniently applied to the cases of random-frequency waveform and linear frequency modulated (LFM) waveform without any a priori knowledge. The approximated observation operators are obtained by calculating the inverse of Omega-K and chirp scaling algorithms for random-frequency and LFM waveforms, respectively. Furthermore, the 1D phase error model is modified by incorporating a priori knowledge and then a weighted 1D phase error model is proposed, which is capable of correcting two-dimensional (2D) phase error in some cases, where the estimation can be simplified to a 1D problem. Simulation and experimental results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method in the presence of 1D phase error or weighted 1D phase error

CS-SAR Imaging Method Based on Inverse Omega-K Algorithm

Compressed Sensing (CS) has been proved to be effective in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imaging. Previous CS-SAR imaging algorithms are very time consuming, especially for producing high-resolution images. In this study, we propose a new CS-SAR imaging method based on the well-known omega-K algorithm, which is precise and convenient to use in SAR imaging. First, we derive an inverse omega-K algorithm to directly obtain echoes without any convolution between the transmitted signal and scene. Then, we formulate the SAR imaging problem into a sparse regularization problem and solve it using an iterative thresholding algorithm. With our derived inverse omega-K algorithm, we can save significant amounts of computation time and computer memory usage. Simulation results show that the proposed method can effectively recover SAR images with much less data than that required by the Nyquist rate