Salvia miltiorrhiza treatment during early reperfusion reduced postischemic myocardial injury in the rat

Oxidative stress may play a causative role in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, it is a relatively understudied aspect regarding an optimal timing of antioxidant intervention during ischemia-reperfusion. The present study investigates the effect of different treatment regimens of Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM) herb extracts containing phenolic compounds that possess potent antioxidant properties on postischemic myocardial functional recovery in the setting of global myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. Langendorff-perfused rat hearts were subjected to 40 min of global ischemia at 37°C followed by 60 min of reperfusion, and were randomly assigned into the untreated control and 2 SM-treated groups (n = 7 per group). In treatment 1 (SM1), 3 mg/mL of water soluble extract of SM was given for 10 min before ischemia and continued during ischemia through the aorta at a reduced flow rate of 60 μL/min, but not during reperfusion. In treatment 2 (SM2), SM (3 mg/mL) was given during the first 15 min of reperfusion. During ischemia, hearts in the control and SM2 groups were given physiological saline at 60 μL/min. The SM1 treatment reduced the production of 15-F2t- isoprostane, a specific index of oxidative stress-induced lipid peroxidation, during ischemia (94 ± 20, 43 ± 6, and 95 ± 15 pg/mL in the coronary effluent in control, SM1, and SM2 groups, respectively; p < 0.05, SM1 vs. control or SM2) and post-poned the onset of ischemic contracture. However, SM2, but not the SM1 regimen, significantly reduced 15-F 2t-isoprostane production during early reperfusion and led to optimal postischemic myocardial functional recovery (left ventricular developed pressure 51 ± 4, 46 ± 4, and 60 ± 6 mmHg in the control, SM1, and SM2 groups, respectively, at 60 min of reperfusion; p < 0.05, SM2 vs. control or SM1) and reduced myocardial infarct size as measured by triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining (26% ± 2%, 22% ± 2%, and 20% ± 2% of the total area in the control, SM1, and SM2 groups, respectively, p < 0.05, SM2 vs. control). It is concluded that S. miltiorrhiza could be beneficial in the treatment of myocardial ischemic injury and the timing of administration seems important. © 2007 NRC.published_or_final_versio

Massive and Massless Neutrinos on Unbalanced Seesaws

The observation of neutrino oscillations requires new physics beyond the standard model (SM). A SM-like gauge theory with p lepton families can be extended by introducing q heavy right-handed Majorana neutrinos but preserving its SU(2)_L x U(1)_Y gauge symmetry. The overall neutrino mass matrix M turns out to be a symmetric (p+q) x (p+q) matrix. Given p>q, the rank of M is in general equal to 2q, corresponding to 2q non-zero mass eigenvalues. The existence of (p-q) massless left-handed Majorana neutrinos is an exact consequence of the model, independent of the usual approximation made in deriving the Type-I seesaw relation between the effective p x p light Majorana neutrino mass matrix M_\nu and the q x q heavy Majorana neutrino mass matrix M_R. In other words, the numbers of massive left- and right-handed neutrinos are fairly matched. A good example to illustrate this seesaw fair play rule is the minimal seesaw model with p=3 and q=2, in which one massless neutrino sits on the unbalanced seesaw.Comment: RevTex 8 pages, 1 PS figure. Two crucial references adde

Nuclear Modification to Parton Distribution Functions and Parton Saturation

We introduce a generalized definition of parton distribution functions (PDFs) for a more consistent all-order treatment of power corrections. We present a new set of modified DGLAP evolution equations for nuclear PDFs, and show that the resummed $\alpha_s A^{1/3}/Q^2$-type of leading nuclear size enhanced power corrections significantly slow down the growth of gluon density at small-$x$. We discuss the relation between the calculated power corrections and the saturation phenomena.Comment: 4 pages, to appear in the proceedings of QM200

Localized Control of Curie Temperature in Perovskite Oxide Film by Capping-layer- induced Octahedral Distortion

With reduced dimensionality, it is often easier to modify the properties of ultra-thin films than their bulk counterparts. Strain engineering, usually achieved by choosing appropriate substrates, has been proven effective in controlling the properties of perovskite oxide films. An emerging alternative route for developing new multifunctional perovskite is by modification of the oxygen octahedral structure. Here we report the control of structural oxygen octahedral rotation in ultra-thin perovskite SrRuO3 films by the deposition of a SrTiO3 capping layer, which can be lithographically patterned to achieve local control. Using a scanning Sagnac magnetic microscope, we show increase in the Curie temperature of SrRuO3 due to the suppression octahedral rotations revealed by the synchrotron x-ray diffraction. This capping-layer-based technique may open new possibilities for developing functional oxide materials.Comment: Main-text 5 pages, SI 6 pages. To appear in Physical Review Letter

A new tow-parameter integrable model of strongly correlated electrons with quantum superalgebra symmetry

A new two-parameter integrable model with quantum superalgebra $U_q[gl(3|1)]$ symmetry is proposed, which is an eight-state electron model with correlated single-particle and pair hoppings as well as uncorrelated triple-particle hopping. The model is solved and the Bethe ansatz equations are obtained.Comment: 6 pages, RevTe

Evolving small-world networks with geographical attachment preference

We introduce a minimal extended evolving model for small-world networks which is controlled by a parameter. In this model the network growth is determined by the attachment of new nodes to already existing nodes that are geographically close. We analyze several topological properties for our model both analytically and by numerical simulations. The resulting network shows some important characteristics of real-life networks such as the small-world effect and a high clustering.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figure

Levinson's theorem for the Schr\"{o}dinger equation in two dimensions

Levinson's theorem for the Schr\"{o}dinger equation with a cylindrically symmetric potential in two dimensions is re-established by the Sturm-Liouville theorem. The critical case, where the Schr\"{o}dinger equation has a finite zero-energy solution, is analyzed in detail. It is shown that, in comparison with Levinson's theorem in non-critical case, the half bound state for $P$ wave, in which the wave function for the zero-energy solution does not decay fast enough at infinity to be square integrable, will cause the phase shift of $P$ wave at zero energy to increase an additional $\pi$.Comment: Latex 11 pages, no figure and accepted by P.R.A (in August); Email: [email protected], [email protected]