Iowa’s Historic Preservation and Cultural and Entertainment District Tax Credit Program Evaluation Study

Executive Summary: Iowa introduced the Historic Preservation and Cultural and Entertainment District (HPCED) Tax Credit Program in 2000. The program allows property owners or developers to claim tax credits equal to 25 percent of qualified rehabilitation costs for eligible historic properties in Iowa. In tax year 2002, the tax credit was made transferable and refundable at a discounted amount. In tax year 2005, the cap of the tax credit was increased to $6.5 million per year. In tax year 2007, the cap of the tax credit was increased to$10 million for fiscal year 2008, $15 million for fiscal year 2009, and$20 million for fiscal year 2010 and subsequent years. In addition, the tax credit was made fully refundable in 2007. The major findings of the study are:...Investment Tax Credit, Tax Policy, State and Local Governement, Public Subsidy

Does human imitate successful behaviors immediately?

The emergence and abundance of cooperation in animal and human societies is a challenging puzzle to evolutionary biology. Over the past decades, various mechanisms have been suggested which are capable of supporting cooperation. Imitation dynamics, however, are the most representative microscopic rules of human behaviors on studying these mechanisms. Their standard procedure is to choose the agent to imitate at random from the population. In the spatial version this means a random agent from the neighborhood. Hence, imitation rules do not include the possibility to explore the available strategies, and then they have the possibility to reach a homogeneous state rapidly when the population size is small. To prevent evolution stopping, theorists allow for random mutations in addition to the imitation dynamics. Consequently, if the microscopic rules involve both imitation and mutation, the frequency of agents switching to the more successful strategy must be higher than that of them transiting to the same target strategy via mutation dynamics. Here we show experimentally that the frequency of switching to successful strategy approximates to that of mutating to the same strategy. This suggests that imitation might play an insignificant role on the behaviors of human decision making. In addition, our experiments show that the probabilities of agents mutating to different target strategies are significantly distinct. The actual mutation theories cannot give us an appropriate explanation to the experimental results. Hence, we argue that the mutation dynamics might have evolved for other reasons

Effects of caerulein on the gastric motility of rats.

The effects of caerulein on gastric motility in urethane-anesthetized rats were studied. Caerulein administered into the lateral cerebral ventricle (i.c.v.) and jugular vein (i.v.) caused predominantly an inhibitory effect on gastric motility but sometimes an excitatory or a biphasic effect. The inhibitory response was reduced after vagotomy and/or splanchnicotomy, or after guanethidine. The remaining inhibitory response was abolished by tetrodotoxin, but was resistant to atropine and guanethidine. The excitatory response was abolished by atropine. Discharges of the gastric branch of the vagus nerve were decreased by i.v. injection of caerulein but increased by i.c.v. injection, whereas those of the splanchnic nerve were increased by both i.v. and i.c.v. injection. These results suggest that caerulein causes an inhibition of gastric motility by centrally stimulating vagal non-adrenergic inhibitory nerves and splanchnic adrenergic nerves and inhibiting vagal cholinergic nerves, and by peripherally stimulating non-adrenergic inhibitory neurons of the myenteric plexus. This peptide causes an excitation by stimulating cholinergic neurons of the myenteric plexus.</p

Multipliers on a new class of Banach algebras, locally compact quantum groups, and topological centres

We study multiplier algebras for a large class of Banach algebras which contains the group algebra $L_1(G)$, the Beurling algebras $L_1(G, \omega)$, and the Fourier algebra $A(G)$ of a locally compact group $G$. This study yields numerous new results and unifies some existing theorems on $L_1(G)$ and $A(G)$ through an abstract Banach algebraic approach. Applications are obtained on representations of multipliers over locally compact quantum groups and on topological centre problems. In particular, five open problems in abstract harmonic analysis are solved.Comment: 38 page